During a century, hydroxyurea has received much attention in relation to its physiological properties. This review mainly deals with the metabolism, mechanism, cell signaling, therapeutic properties, bioactivity, receptors, and toxicity. Metabolism provides insight concerning the mechanism. Carbamoyl nitroso is an intermediate, based on ease of oxidation of the parent and subsequent formation of nitroxyl and nitric oxide. Carbamoyl nitroso bears structural and electrochemical similarity to acyl nitroso from hydroxamic acids, to the phenylhydroxylamine-nitrosobenzene couple, and to α-dicarbonyls. Carbamoyl nitroso may be involved in electron transfer, reactive oxygen species formation, and oxidative stress. Cell signaling plays a significant role in the biological action. The therapeutic properties are discussed with emphasis on cancer, sickle cell disease, HIV, skin, and genes. Promise as a practical medicine is indicated by clinical trials. Toxicity is also included. Carbamoyl nitroso, nitroxyl, nitric oxide, and metal complexes of the parent drug are designated the main actors in the physiological effects. The mechanistic theme is in keeping with prior reports in Medical Hypotheses.
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Three-dimensional alkaline earth metal-organic framework poly[[μ-aqua-aqua-bis-(μ-carba-moyl-cyano-nitro-somethanido)barium] monohydrate] and its thermal decomposition.
Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun
September 2024
Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
In the structure of the title salt, {[Ba(μ-CHNO)(μ-HO)(HO)]·HO} , the barium ion and all three oxygen atoms of the water mol-ecules reside on a mirror plane. The hydrogen atoms of the bridging water and the solvate water mol-ecules are arranged across a mirror plane whereas all atoms of the monodentate aqua ligand are situated on this mirror plane. The distorted ninefold coord-ination of the Ba ions is completed with four nitroso-, two carbonyl- and three aqua-O atoms at the distances of 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGradual evolution of hydrogen-bonding patterns with the carbamoylcyanonitrosomethanide anion in a series of aliphatic diammonium salts.
Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem
May 2023
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Murmanska Str. 4, Kyiv 253660, Ukraine.
Developing the structures of organic materials that rely on the hydrogen bonding of multifunctional substrates is often complicated due to a competition between various possible motifs. In this context, the illustrative case of the carbamoylcyanonitrosomethanide anion, [ONC(CN)-C(O)NH], suggests sufficient control over the crystal lattice with a set of supramolecular synthons, which are specific to all the present nitroso, carbamoyl and cyano groups. The structures of the carbamoylcyanonitrosomethanide salts of ethane-1,2-diammonium, CHN·2CHNO, (1), piperazine-1,4-diium, CHN·2CHNO, (2), butane-1,4-diammonium, CHN·2CHNO, (3), and hexane-1,6-diammonium, CHN·2CHNO, (4), reveal two- and three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded frameworks governed by a set of site-selective interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHydrogen-bonding landscape of the carbamoyl-cyano-nitro-somethanide anion in the crystal structure of its ammonium salt.
Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun
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Institute of Organic Chemistry, Murmanskaya Str. 4, Kyiv 253660, Ukraine.
The structure of the title salt, ammonium carbamoyl-cyano-nitro-somethanide, NH ·CHNO , features the co-existence of different hydrogen-bonding patterns, which are specific to each of the three functional groups (nitroso, carbamoyl and cyano) of the methanide anion. The nitroso O-atoms accept as many as three N-H⋯O bonds from the ammonium cations [N⋯O = 2.688 (3)-3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModel studies towards prodrugs of the glutamine antagonist 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON) containing a diazo precursor.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett
October 2021
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- - Two types of diazo precursors, imidazotetrazine and nitrous amide, were tested to create prodrugs of DON, a substance that blocks glutamine's effects.
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Structural modifications of dicationic acetylcholinesterase reactivators studied under ion-pairing mechanism in reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
J Sep Sci
November 2014
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
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