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The advancement of modern lighting technologies has led to many revolutions in lighting efficiency and presentation. The progression from filament bulbs, to CFL, and now LED technologies have produced a bounty of energy-efficient lighting options for design engineers and consumers. As the light-producing elements of a lighting fixture improve, the limiting factor in efficient illumination is no longer the light source, but the optical system itself.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPulmonary Doppler signals: a potentially new diagnostic tool.
Eur J Echocardiogr
December 2011
Elisha Hospital, Haifa, Israel.
Aims: To overcome the limitations due to ultrasound attenuation by the air in the lungs, in order to study the pulmonary system using an advanced signal processing technology.
Methods And Results: Pulsed spectral Doppler signals were obtained over the chest wall using a signal processing and algorithm package (transthoracic parametric Doppler, TPD, EchoSense Ltd, Haifa, Israel) in conjunction with a non-imaging Doppler device (Viasys Healthcare, Madison, WI, USA) coupled with an electrocardiogram. The signals picked up by a transducer positioned at various locations over the chest wall, were treated for noise, analysed parametrically and displayed in terms of both velocity and power originating from moving ultrasound reflectors.
Double-tailored nonimaging reflector optics for maximum-performance solar concentration.
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis
September 2010
Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus 84990, Israel.
A nonimaging strategy that tailors two mirror contours for concentration near the étendue limit is explored, prompted by solar applications where a sizable gap between the optic and absorber is required. Subtle limitations of this simultaneous multiple surface method approach are derived, rooted in the manner in which phase space boundaries can be tailored according to the edge-ray principle. The fundamental categories of double-tailored reflective optics are identified, only a minority of which can pragmatically offer maximum concentration at high collection efficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffectiveness of solar disinfection using batch reactors with non-imaging aluminium reflectors under real conditions: Natural well-water and solar light.
J Photochem Photobiol B
December 2008
Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica - CNEA, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, cp BNK1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Inactivation kinetics are reported for suspensions of Escherichia coli in well-water using compound parabolic collector (CPC) mirrors to enhance the efficiency of solar disinfection (SODIS) for batch reactors under real, solar radiation (cloudy and cloudless) conditions. On clear days, the system with CPC reflectors achieved complete inactivation (more than 5-log unit reduction in bacterial population to below the detection limit of 4CFU/mL) one hour sooner than the system fitted with no CPC. On cloudy days, only systems fitted with CPCs achieved complete inactivation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBidirectional, angular resolved scatterometry was used to evaluate the feasibility of using rolled aluminum as reflectors in solar thermal collectors and solar cells. Two types of rolled aluminum with different surface roughnesses were investigated. The results show that the smoother of the two samples [rms height, (0.
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