Magnetic resonance imaging findings of shoulders in Parkinson's disease.

The aim of this study is to evaluate shoulder disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is the best tool in the demonstration of complex shoulder pathologies; and to determine probable relations between shoulder pathologies and PD clinical features. Twenty-eight PD patients with a total of 56 shoulders were used as the study group while 13 age-matched cases with 26 shoulders were used as the control group (CG) in the study. Both patients with PD and the CG underwent shoulder MRI. The Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) disability scale and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rated Scale (UPDRS) were used to determine the severity of the disease. Our results showed that patients with full-thickness supraspinatus (SSP) tear have statistically significant higher UPDRS (P = 0.012), tremor (P = 0.023), rigidity (P = 0.023), and total (P = 0.002) scores. Mild group patients (P = 0.045) showed significantly higher frequency resting tremor and subcoracoid effusion than those of severe group patients (P = 0.002). Subcoracoid effusion was observed in patients with significantly higher UPDRS (P = 0.045) and rigidity (P = 0.022) scores. When the resting tremor and subcoracoid effusion groups were compared according to the severity of the resting tremor but not according to the H&Y, higher frequency of full-thickness tear in SSP tendon was detected in the group of resting tremor (P = 0.053). Longer duration of disease was also observed in patients with full-thickness SSP tear (P = 0.029) and acromioclavicular joint changes (P = 0.018). Higher UPDRS, tremor, rigidity and total scores and longer PD duration appear as the predisposing factors for the development of shoulder disturbances in PD in this study.