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Dopaminergic Mechanisms of Cognitive Flexibility: An [F]Fallypride PET Study.
J Nucl Med
January 2025
Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Cognitive flexibility is the ability to appropriately adapt one's thinking and behavior to changing environmental demands and is conceptualized as an aspect of executive function. The dopamine system has been implicated in cognitive flexibility; however, a direct, that is, neurochemical, link to cognitive flexibility has not been shown yet. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate how cognitive flexibility is mediated by dopaminergic signaling in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBeyond Two Heads: An Imaging-Based Analysis of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle's Heads.
Ann Anat
January 2025
Division of Anatomy, Department 1, Faculty of Dentistry, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
Background: The lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is crucial for masticatory function but exhibits significant anatomical variability that challenges traditional anatomical views. Advanced imaging techniques have revealed these variations, necessitating a reevaluation of the LPM's structure.
Purpose: To categorize variations in the number of LPM heads and their relationship with the maxillary artery, aiming to improve the understanding of orofacial anatomy and move beyond simplified anatomical models.
Background: Assisted partner services (APSs; sometimes called index testing) are now being brought to scale as a high-yield HIV testing strategy in many nations. However, the success of APSs is often hampered by low levels of partner elicitation. The Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (CASI)-Plus study sought to develop and test a mobile health (mHealth) tool to increase the elicitation of sexual and needle-sharing partners among persons with newly diagnosed HIV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLogical Analysis of Multiple miRNAs with Isothermal Molecular Classifiers Based on LATE-RCA.
Nano Lett
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P. R. China.
Logical analysis of multiple-miRNA expression information and immediate output of diagnostic results facilitates early cancer detection. In this work, we constructed an isothermal molecular classifier capable of performing computations on multiple miRNAs and directly providing diagnosis results. First, we developed linear-after-the-exponential rolling circle amplification (LATE-RCA), a nearly linear isothermal amplification that does not destroy the original quantitative information about miRNAs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA physical optics formulation of Bloch waves and its application to 4D STEM, 3D ED and inelastic scattering simulations.
Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv
March 2025
Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
Bloch waves are often used in dynamical diffraction calculations, such as simulating electron diffraction intensities for crystal structure refinement. However, this approach relies on matrix diagonalization and is therefore computationally expensive for large unit cell crystals. Here Bloch wave theory is re-formulated using the physical optics concepts underpinning the multislice method.
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