Purpose Of Review: This article aims to provide a review of giant cell arteritis (GCA) clinical features, differential diagnosis, treatment options, and recent literature.
Recent Findings: GCA, first described by Horton et al., is a systemic immune-mediated vasculitis affecting medium-sized and large-sized arteries. Characteristic findings include headache, jaw claudication, visual loss, and constitutional symptoms (malaise, fever, weight loss, loss of appetite). Localized GCA symptoms are the end-result of vascular insufficiency and tissue ischemia. Temporal artery biopsy (TAB) remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Additional diagnostic tests include blood tests (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR; C-reactive protein, CRP; platelets) and imaging modalities (ultrasound of the arteries; fluorescein angiography, FA; MRI; and positron emission tomography, PET). The mainstay of management includes high-dose corticosteroids, and additional cytotoxic drugs, antitumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody, and antiplatelet aggregation therapy may be used. The goal of treatment is to prevent ischemic damage and halt progression of visual loss in the affected eye and prevent involvement of the fellow eye.
Summary: Further research is warranted concerning the immunogenetics of GCA. Further treatment trials are also needed to develop more specific and sensitive diagnostic tests and new corticosteroid-sparing treatment modalities.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ICU.0b013e32833eae8b | DOI Listing |
Nat Mater
January 2025
2nd Physics Institute, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
The shape of biological matter is central to cell function at different length scales and determines how cellular components recognize, interact and respond to one another. However, their shapes are often transient and hard to reprogramme. Here we construct a synthetic cell model composed of signal-responsive DNA nanorafts, biogenic pores and giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKorean Circ J
December 2024
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Background And Objectives: Data are limited on the clinical manifestations and outcomes of acute myocarditis from a large-scale registry. We investigated acute myocarditis's clinical characteristics and prognosis from a large-scale, multi-center registry in the Republic of Korea.
Methods: We collected data from seven hospitals between 2001 and 2021.
Acta Orthop
January 2025
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Background And Purpose: Vascularized fibular grafting following tumor resection is an essential treatment option in limb salvage surgery. We aimed to evaluate: (I) bone healing, (II) complications and reoperations, (III) limb salvage, and (IV) survival.
Methods: We present a retrospective evaluation of a national cohort comprising 27 patients.
Head Neck Pathol
January 2025
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Purpose: Recurrent diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor: Clinical presentation, Diagnosis, and Management.
Background: Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT), is a neoplasm arising from synovial joints, bursae, or tendon sheaths. The initial clinical symptoms are vague and non-diagnostic.
Rheumatol Int
January 2025
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Oberduerrbacher Strasse 6, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany.
Background: Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) and Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) may be challenging as many patients present with non-specific symptoms. Superficial cranial arteries are predilection sites of inflammatory affection. Ultrasound is typically the diagnostic tool of first choice supplementary to clinical and laboratory examination.
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