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Sojourns to high altitude have become common for recreation and adventure purposes. In most individuals, gradual ascent to a high altitude leads to a series of adaptive changes in the body, termed as acclimatization. These include changes in the respiratory, cardiovascular, hematologic systems and cellular adaptations that enhance oxygen delivery to the tissues and augment oxygen uptake. Thus there is an increase in pulmonary ventilation, increase in diffusing capacity in the lung, an increase in the cardiac output and increase in the red blood cell count due to an increase in erythropoietin secretion by the kidney, all of which enhance oxygen delivery to the cells. Cellular changes like increase in the number of mitochondria and augmentation of cytochrome oxidase systems take months or years to develop. Too rapid an ascent or inability to acclimatize leads to high-altitude illnesses. These include acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Acute mountain sickness is self limiting if recognized early. Both HACE and HAPE are life threatening and need to be treated aggressively. The key to treatment of these illnesses is early recognition; administration of supplemental oxygen; and descent if required. Drugs like acetazolamide, dexamethasone, nifedipine may be administered as recommended.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5278.64608 | DOI Listing |
J Environ Manage
March 2025
State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area,Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Hydrologic-cycle and Hydrodynamic System of Ministry of Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
As climate change accelerates, understanding the mechanisms of ecosystem phenology in vulnerable regions is crucial for terrestrial environments. This research systematically used remote sensing data to study the dynamic changes in vegetation phenology in the upper and middle Yellow River Basin (UMYRB), examined the effects of environmental shifts on vegetation phenology, and quantified the contributions of different driving factors. The key findings are as follows: (1) As elevation and latitude increase, the start of the growing season (SOGS) is generally delayed, particularly in the northwest and northeast, where it typically occurs between days 140 and 180.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlanta
March 2025
Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 147001, India.
Medicinal plants, mushrooms, and endophytes offer a rich source of secondary metabolites (SMs), including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids, with proven antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2. Plant-associated microorganisms that colonize in living tissues of different parts of a plant possess the ability to produce SMs of immense therapeutic value and this biological interaction between plants and microbes can be exploited to develop antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. The unprecedented lethality of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the recent global pandemic has prompted extensive research into new treatment options and preventive strategies for COVID-19.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTravel Med Infect Dis
March 2025
Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China. Electronic address:
Background: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) has been proposed to be effective for treating chronic insomnia at high altitudes.
Methods: Patients suffering from chronic insomnia at high altitude were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to either the hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment group or the control group for a 10-day procedure. The primary outcome was insomnia status, which was assessed via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI).
Environ Pollut
March 2025
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China.
The Tibetan Plateau is an important area for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) research because of high-altitude condensation and global distillation. However, the sources of the POPs in remote regions have not been quantified, which is critical for global control of POPs. The Gyirong Valley in the Himalayas bordering Nepal serves as an important pathway for cross-border transport of POPs to the Tibetan Plateau.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Metab
March 2025
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, Chongqing 400038, China. Electronic address:
Feeding rhythms regulate exercise performance and muscle energy metabolism. However, the mechanisms regulating adipocyte functions remain unclear. Here, using multi-omics analyses, involving (phospho-)proteomics and lipidomics, we found that day-restricted feeding (DRF) regulates diurnal rhythms of the mitochondrial proteome, neutral lipidome, and nutrient-sensing pathways in mouse gonadal white adipose tissue (GWAT).
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