α-Glucuronidases of glycoside hydrolase family 115 of the xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis and wood-destroying fungus Schizophyllum commune liberate 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid residues from aldouronic acids and glucuronoxylan. The specific activities of both enzymes depended on polymerization degree of the acidic xylooligosaccharides and were inhibited by linear β-1,4-xylooligosaccharides. These results suggest interaction of the enzyme with several xylopyranosyl residues of the xylan main chain. Using (1)H NMR spectroscopy and reduced aldopentaouronic acid (MeGlcA(3)Xyl(4)-ol) as a substrate, it was found that both enzymes are inverting glycoside hydrolases releasing 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid (MeGlcA) as its β-anomer.
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An improved HPAEC-PAD method for the determination of D-glucuronic acid and 4-O-methyl-D-glucuronic acid from polymeric and oligomeric xylan.
BMC Biotechnol
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Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, PO Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
Glucuronic acid (GlcA) is an abundant substituent in hardwood xylan, and it is often found in its methylated form as methyl glucuronic acid (MeGlcA). GlcA and MeGlcA are sugar acids, bound to the xylose backbone at position O-2, and their presence can affect the digestibility of the polymer. Currently, detection of released GlcA or MeGlcA from synthetic substrates such as pNP-glucuronic acid can be achieved with colorimetric assays, whereas analysis from natural substrates such as xylan is more complicated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrystal structure of reducing-end xylose-releasing exoxylanase in subfamily 7 of glycoside hydrolase family 30.
Proteins
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Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.
TcXyn30A from Talaromyces cellulolyticus, which belongs to subfamily 7 of the glycoside hydrolase family 30 (GH30-7), releases xylose from the reducing end of xylan and xylooligosaccharides (XOSs), the so-called reducing-end xylose-releasing exoxylanase (ReX). In this study, the crystal structures of TcXyn30A with and without xylose at subsite +1 (the binding site of the xylose residue at the reducing end) were determined. This is the first report on the structure of ReX in the family GH30-7.
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Protein Chemistry and Enzyme Technology Section, DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; email:
Cereal brans and grain endosperm cell walls are key dietary sources of different types of arabinoxylan. Arabinoxylan is the main group of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that are present in the cell walls of monocot grass crops and hence in cereal grains. The arabinoxylan polysaccharides consist of a backbone of β-(1→4)-linked xylopyranosyl residues, which carry arabinofuranosyl moieties, hence the term arabinoxylan.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe coordinated action of glucuronoyl esterase and α-glucuronidase promotes the disassembly of lignin-carbohydrate complexes.
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Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Science, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.
Glucuronoxylans represent a significant fraction of woody biomass, and its decomposition is complicated by the presence of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs). Herein, LCCs from birchwood were used to investigate the potential coordinated action of a glucuronoyl esterase (TtCE15A) and two α-glucuronidases (SdeAgu115A and AxyAgu115A). When supplementing α-glucuronidase with equimolar quantities of TtCE15A, total MeGlcpA released after 72 h by SdeAgu115A and AxyAgu115A increased from 52% to 67%, and 61% to 95%, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnzymatic production of 4--methyl d-glucaric acid from hardwood xylan.
Biotechnol Biofuels
March 2020
1Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada.
Background: Dicarboxylic acids offer several applications in detergent builder and biopolymer fields. One of these acids, 4--methyl d-glucaric acid, could potentially be produced from glucuronoxylans, which are a comparatively underused fraction of wood and agricultural biorefineries.
Results: Accordingly, an enzymatic pathway was developed that combines AxyAgu115A, a GH115 α-glucuronidase from , and GOOX, an AA7 gluco-oligosaccharide oxidase from , to produce this bio-based chemical from glucuronoxylan.
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