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We have previously shown that remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) by transient limb ischemia leads to the release of a circulating factor(s) that induces potent myocardial protection. Intra-arterial injection of adenosine into a limb also leads to cardioprotection, but the mechanism of its signal transduction is poorly understood. Eleven groups of rabbits received saline control or rIPC or adenosine administration with additional pretreatment with the nitric oxide (NO) synthase blocker N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, its non-NO-donating derivative N-acetylpenicillamine, or femoral nerve section. Blood was then drawn from each animal, and the dialysate of the plasma was used to perfuse a naïve heart from an untreated donor. Infarct size was measured after 30 min of global ischemia and 120 min reperfusion. When compared with that of the control, mean infarct size was significantly smaller in groups treated with rIPC alone (P < 0.01) and intra-arterial adenosine (P < 0.01). Pretreatment with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester or N-acetylpenicillamine did not affect the level of protection induced by rIPC (P = not significant, compared with rIPC alone) or intra-arterial adenosine (P = not significant, compared with intra-arterial adenosine alone), but prior femoral nerve transection or pretreatment with S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine abolished the cardioprotective effect of intra-arterial adenosine and rIPC. Intra-arterial adenosine, like rIPC, releases a blood-borne cardioprotective factor(s) that is dependent on an intact femoral nerve and is inhibited by pretreatment with a NO donor. These results may be important when designing or assessing the results of clinical trials of adenosine or rIPC cardioprotection, where NO donors are used as part of therapy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00396.2010 | DOI Listing |
Am J Cardiol
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor Scott and White, Temple, Texas; Division of Cardiology, Baylor Scott and White, Temple, Texas. Electronic address:
Coronary flow reserve (CFR) and index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) obtained through coronary bolus thermodilution are used to assess and treat patients with angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease. Previous studies demonstrate comparable results assessing epicardial ischemia by fractional flow reserve using intravenous (IV) or intracoronary (IC) adenosine. It is unknown if there is a similarity between IC and IV hyperemia with adenosine when performing coronary reactivity testing (CRT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStroke Vasc Interv Neurol
May 2023
St. John's Neuroscience Institute and the University of Oklahoma School of Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Background-: Transplantation of autologous mitochondria into ischemic tissue may mitigate injury caused by ischemia and reperfusion.
Methods-: Using murine stroke models of middle cerebral artery occlusion, we sought to evaluate feasibility of delivery of viable mitochondria to ischemic brain parenchyma. We evaluated the effects of concurrent focused ultrasound activation of microbubbles, which serves to open the blood-brain barrier, on efficacy of delivery of mitochondria.
Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg
February 2024
Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, United Kingdom.
Objective: Peripheral arterial stenoses (PAS) are commonly investigated with duplex ultrasound (DUS) and angiography, but these are not functional tests. Fractional flow reserve (FFR), a pressure based index, functionally assesses the ischaemic potential of coronary stenoses, but its utility in PAS is unknown. FFR in the peripheral vasculature in patients with limb ischaemia was investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Heart J Case Rep
November 2021
Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Room NWO-003, Molengracht 21, 4818 CK, Breda, The Netherlands.
Background: We present a case concerning a 64-year-old female with complaints of palpitations, chest pain, and an anomalous right coronary artery (RCA) from the opposite sinus (R-ACAOS) with a suspected malignant trajectory on computed tomography. She was referred to our clinic for a second opinion to re-assess the suggested treatment of coronary surgery.
Case Summary: A coronary angiogram was performed demonstrating a RCA with a tapered ostium typical for an inter-arterial course.
J Appl Physiol (1985)
August 2021
Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
The vascular endothelium senses and integrates numerous inputs to regulate vascular tone. Recent evidence reveals complex signal processing within the endothelium, yet little is known about how endothelium-dependent stimuli interact to regulate blood flow. We tested the hypothesis that combined stimulation of the endothelium with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and acetylcholine (ACh) elicits greater vasodilation and attenuates α-adrenergic vasoconstriction compared with combination of ATP or ACh with the endothelium-independent dilator sodium nitroprusside (SNP).
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