Lyso-PCs (lysophosphatidylcholines) are a mixture of lipids that accumulate during storage of cellular blood components, have been implicated in TRALI (transfusion-related acute lung injury) and directly affect the physiology of neutrophils [PMNs (polymorphonuclear leucocytes)]. Because the G2A receptor, expressed on PMNs, has been reported to recognize lyso-PCs, we hypothesize that lyso-PC activation of G2A causes the increases in cytosolic Ca²(+) via release of G(α) and G(βγ) subunits, kinase activation, and the recruitment of clathrin, β-arrestin-1 and GRK6 (G-protein receptor kinase 6) to G2A for signal transduction. PMNs were isolated by standard techniques, primed with lyso-PCs for 5-180 s, and lysed for Western blot analysis, immunoprecipitation or subcellular fractionation, or fixed and smeared on to slides for digital microscopy. The results demonstrated that lyso-PCs cause rapid activation of the G2A receptor through S-phosphorylation and internalization resulting in G(αi)₋₁ and G(αq/)₁₁ release leading to increases in cytosolic Ca²(+), which was inhibited by an antibody to G2A or intracellular neutralization of these subunits. Lyso-PCs also caused the release of the G(βγ) subunit which demonstrated a physical interaction (FRET+) with activated Hck (haemopoietic cell kinase; Tyr⁴¹¹). Moreover, G2A recruited clathrin, β-arrestin-1 and GRK6: clathrin is important for signal transduction, GRK6 for receptor de-sensitization, and β-arrestin-1 both propagates and terminates signals. We conclude that lyso-PC activation of G2A caused release of G(αi)₋₁, G(αq/)₁₁ and G(βγ), resulting in cytosolic Ca²(+) flux, Hck activation, and recruitment of clathrin, β-arrestin-1 and GRK6.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BJ20091087 | DOI Listing |
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College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China. Electronic address:
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Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China.
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Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima, Japan. Electronic address:
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