Establishing the Golitsyn Hospital: the contribution of Professor Efrem Osipovich Mukhin (1766-1850).

Golitsynsky Hospital is one of the oldest Moscow clinics founded by the Russian Aristocrat Count Golitsyn in 1802. A prominent Russian surgeon and Professor at Moscow University, Efrem Mukhin became the first senior medical doctor at this hospital and played a crucial role in its development. Six hundred and eighty-eight operations were performed at Golitsynsky Hospital between 1802 and 1807 including obstetric, gynaecological, eye and ear interventions. Mukhin performed 444 operations himself. The hospital continued functioning when Napoleon's troops occupied Moscow in September 1812. The French surgeons D Larrey, Degenet and De la Fliz worked there during this period, assisted by their Russian pupils A Migachev and V Sherbakov.