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The debate on the causes and the nature of pellagra in Italy during the nineteenth century resembles and evokes the similar debate on General Paralysis of the Insane (GPI) that was growing at the same time in the United Kingdom. Pellagra and GPI had a massive and virulent impact on the populations of Italy and the UK, respectively, and contributed to a great extent to the increase and overcrowding of the asylum populations in these countries. This article compares the two illnesses by examining the features of their nosographic positioning, aetiology and pathogenesis.

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Nicotinic acid is a well-known pharmaceutical in the vitamin B group that has attracted great interest in the past decades due to its significant importance in the treatment of the human diseases like pellagra. Also, nicotinic acid derivatives have been devoted to much attention due to their different pharmaceutical effects in the treatment of diseases. In view of this, the developments of nicotinic acid and its derivatives including their synthetic methods by using different substrates, and their structural modifications (e.

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