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Retinal detachments were for the first time treated using inflatable balloons in 1979 by Lincoff et al. A characteristic feature of this method is simplicity and low traumatism. Up to the present time it was used in the treatment of retinal detachments with single breaks or groups of breaks altogether not surpassing equatorially one o'clock on the fundus.

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The goal of the study was the evaluation of the influence of the nowadays most frequently used surgical methods in cases of retinal detachment on the macula not involved in the detachment. The study takes into account surgical interventions which have the same indications and principles of action. They are based on an extra-scleral indentation--temporary or permanent one--by means of a Lincoff-Kreissig balloon and a meridional silicone sponge implant.

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Hypotonia and ex vacuo hemorrhages are the most grave complications of vitreoretinal surgery; the known methods of their prevention are altogether inadequate. The authors have developed extra-scleral ballooning (ESB) methods that improve the efficacy of surgery and reduce the rate and severity of complications in subretinal fluid draining during surgery for detachment of the retina and in arresting intraocular hemorrhages during closed vitrectomy. ESB application helped elevate intraocular pressure in the patients with drastic hypotonia, permitting a reliable and easy-to-perform monitoring of intraocular pressure over the course of surgery.

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Treatment of retinal detachment with the use of distended balloons (extrascleral ballooning) holds good promise due to ease of operation and low traumatism. Unfortunately it may be used only in cases with fresh not high detachments of the retina with solitary or multiple ruptures up to 1-2 optic disk diameters in length. That is why the authors suggest two new modifications of the method: double and sector ballooning, widening the indications for the employment of the method.

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