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Extracardiac manifestations of infective endocarditis and their historical descriptions.
Am J Cardiol
December 2007
Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
In his landmark "Gulstonian Lectures on Malignant Endocarditis," published in 1885, William Osler commented, "Few diseases present greater difficulties in the way of diagnosis than malignant endocarditis, difficulties which in many cases are practically insurmountable." At that time, the fields of microbiology and blood cultures were in their infancy, and the diagnosis was made premortem in just half the patients with the condition. After Osler's report, extracardiac physical findings became essential clues to earlier diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProgress toward a global understanding of infective endocarditis. Lessons from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis.
Cardiol Clin
May 2003
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Box 3850, Duke University Medical Center, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
In the century and a quarter since William Osler delivered his famed Gulstonian lectures on endocarditis, continual advancements have been made in understanding and treating this disease. Here we have reviewed some key aspects of current knowledge in the areas of population epidemiology, host factors, microorganisms, and diagnosis. The advent of the ICE investigation provides the opportunity to further expand our understanding of IE by developing a very large, global database of IE patients whose clinical, echocardiographic, and microbiologic findings have been characterized with standard methodology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew developments in infective endocarditis.
Curr Opin Cardiol
March 1995
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Endocarditis as seen today differs significantly from that outlined by Sir William Osler in his famous Gulstonian lectures in 1885. The median age of the patients has increased; the spectrum of predisposing cardiac lesions has changed; more cases are due to unusual organisms, including gram-negative bacteria and fungi; and more cases present acutely and the classic findings of late endocarditis are seldom seen. Endocarditis was untreatable and uniformly fatal in 1885.
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