Aspirin and compression devices versus low-molecular-weight heparin and PCD for VTE prophylaxis in orthopedic oncology patients.

Background: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are possible sources of morbidity and mortality in patients with musculoskeletal neoplasms (MSN).

Objective: To compare the efficacy of aspirin (ASA) and pneumatic compression devices (PCD) to low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and PCD in patients undergoing orthopedic procedures for MSN of the pelvis or lower extremity.

Methods: Of 348 patients who met the study criteria, 195 were treated with ASA/PCD and 153 with LMWH/PCD. There were 18 DVT including 8 in ASA/PCD group and 10 in LMWH/PCD group. There were four PEs, all in the LMWH/PCD group.

Results: We found no significant difference in DVT rate between ASA/PCD and LMWH/PCD when used for prophylaxis against thromboembolic complications. Our analysis shows that procedures of the thigh, soft tissue resections, and malignant disease were more often managed with ASA/PCD while joint arthroplasty, procedures of the hip/pelvis, and metastatic disease were more often managed with LMWH/PCD.

Conclusion: DVT prophylaxis in orthopedic oncology remains a complex topic in which physicians must balance the risks of thromboembolic disease against the risks of post-operative complications.