Retroviruses undergo several critical steps to complete a replication cycle. These include the complex processes of virus entry, assembly, and budding that often take place at the plasma membrane of the host cell. Both virus entry and release involve membrane fusion/fission reactions between the viral envelopes and host cell membranes. Accumulating evidence indicates important roles for lipids and lipid microdomains in virus entry and egress. In this review, we outline the current understanding of the role of lipids and membrane microdomains in retroviral replication.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v2051146 | DOI Listing |
Curr Opin Virol
March 2025
Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France. Electronic address:
Viral infections during pregnancy represent a major threat to maternal, fetal, and neonatal health outcome, with a high risk of vertical transmission. It is therefore crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying the interaction between viruses and placenta, which ensures communication between maternal and fetal compartments throughout pregnancy. Human placental models, both in vitro and ex vivo, enable to dissect in detail these interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
March 2025
Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants and older adults. The attachment glycoprotein (RSV G) binds to the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 to promote viral entry and modulate host immunity. Antibodies against RSV G are a known correlate of protection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutrients
March 2025
Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
: Individuals with HIV on combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) with virologic suppression exhibit chronic immune activation and immune dysfunction. Numerous studies have shown that human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) controls the postnatal transmission of HIV-1, but its effect on adult HIV-1 infection is not known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-HIV activity of Lacto-N-fucopentaose III (LNFPIII) in adult blood-borne macrophages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
March 2025
Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 11, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
Although the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic worldwide has gradually decreased, in some areas, the situation has not yet been stamped and has become a global health emergency. It is quite possible that we could again be threatened by a new coronavirus. Therefore, new nucleotide analog drugs and vaccines or using drug repositioning for SARS-CoV-2 still has been developed, yet their safety and efficacy against COVID-19 remains underexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Med Virol
March 2025
Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
SARS-CoV-2 is an oral pathogen that infects and replicates in mucosal and salivary epithelial cells, contributing to oral post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC) and other oral and non-oral pathologies. While pre-existing inflammatory oral diseases provides a conducive environment for the virus, acute infection and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 can also results in oral microbiome dysbiosis that further worsens poor oral mucosal health. Indeed, oral PASC includes periodontal diseases, dysgeusia, xerostomia, pharyngitis, oral keratoses, and pulpitis suggesting significant bacterial contributions to SARS-CoV-2 and oral tissue tropism.
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