Bilioenteric anastomotic stricture after liver transplantation is still frequent and early detection and treatment is important. We established the management using double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) and evaluated the intractability for bilioenteric anastomotic stricture after pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We underwent DBE at Jichi Medical University from May 2003 to July 2009 for 25 patients who developed bilioenteric anastomotic stricture after pediatric LDLT. The patients were divided into two types according to the degree of dilatation of the anastomotic sites before and after interventional radiology (IVR) using DBE. Type I is an anastomotic site macroscopically dilated to five times or more, and Type II is an anastomotic site dilated to less than five times. The rate of DBE reaching the bilioenteric anastomotic sites was 68.0% (17/25), and the success rate of IVR was 88.2% (15/17). There were three cases of Type I and 12 cases of Type II. Type II had a significantly longer cold ischemic time and higher recurrence rate than Type I (P = 0.005 and P = 0.006). In conclusion, DBE is a less invasive and safe treatment method that is capable of reaching the bilioenteric anastomotic site after pediatric LDLT and enables IVR to be performed on strictures, and its treatment outcomes are improving. Type II and long cold ischemic time are risk factors for intractable bilioenteric anastomotic stricture.
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