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The trochlea for the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle: a review.
Anat Cell Biol
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
This review explores the novel perspective that the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle may function as an anatomical trochlear pulley system within the human body, challenging the traditional understanding of trochlear systems. While widely recognized trochlear units include structures like the medial part of the humerus and the superior oblique muscle of the orbit, the review focuses on the unique anatomical arrangement of the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle in connection with the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscles. Despite current debates within the anatomical community about labeling the digastric muscles as having a trochlea, this paper delves into the scientific definition of a trochlear pulley system, presenting the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle as a potential trochlea.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAsynchronous effects of heat stress on growth rates of massive corals and damselfish in the Red Sea.
PLoS One
January 2025
College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawai'i Pacific University, Honolulu, HI, United States of America.
Climate change is imposing multiple stressors on marine life, leading to a restructuring of ecological communities as species exhibit differential sensitivities to these stressors. With the ocean warming and wind patterns shifting, processes that drive thermal variations in coastal regions, such as marine heatwaves and upwelling events, can change in frequency, timing, duration, and severity. These changes in environmental parameters can physiologically impact organisms residing in these habitats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScreening for Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
JAMA
January 2025
Indiana University, Bloomington.
Importance: Osteoporotic fractures are associated with psychological distress, subsequent fractures, loss of independence, reduced ability to perform activities of daily living, and death.
Objective: The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for osteoporosis to prevent fractures in adults 40 years or older with no known diagnosis of osteoporosis or history of fragility fracture.
Population: Adults 40 years or older without known osteoporosis or history of fragility fractures.
Early Versus Delayed Antihypertensive Treatment After Acute Ischemic Stroke by Hypertension History.
Stroke
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China. (X.X., X.L., Y.P., Yufei Wei, Y.J., M.W., J.J., X.M., Yilong Wang, Yongjun Wang, L.L.).
Background: We performed a prespecified subgroup analysis of the CATIS-2 trial (China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke II) to compare the effect of early versus delayed antihypertensive treatment on death and disability in patients with and without medical history of hypertension.
Methods: CATIS-2 is a multicenter randomized clinical trial conducted in 106 hospitals in China. The trial randomized 4810 patients with acute ischemic stroke within 24 to 48 hours of symptom onset and elevated systolic blood pressure between 140 and <220 mm Hg to receive antihypertensive treatment immediately after randomization or to discontinue antihypertensive medications for 7 days and then receive treatment on day 8.
Blockade of neutral sphingomyelinase 2 exerts antitumor effect on metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer cells and promotes tumor regression when combined with Enzalutamide.
Am J Cancer Res
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM) Monroe, LA 71203, USA.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among American men. The development of metastatic castration resistant PCa (mCRPC) is the current clinical challenge. Antiandrogens such as Enzalutamide (ENZ) are commonly used for CRPC treatment.
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