This study describes a novel cytoskeletal array in fiber cells of the ocular lens of the rat and shows its relationship to the classical terminal web of other epithelial tissues. Naive adult Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 28) were utilized. F-actin, fodrin, myosin IIA, and CP49 distribution was assessed in anterior and posterior polar sections. For functional analysis, lenses were cultured with or without cytochalasin-D for 3 hr, then processed for confocal microscopy or assessed by laser scan analysis along sutures. Phalloidin labeling demonstrated a dense mesh of F-actin adjacent to posterior sutural domains to a subcapsular depth of 400 μm. Anterior polar sections revealed a comparable actin structure adjacent to anterior suture branches however, it was not developed in superficial fibers. Fodrin and myosin were localized within the web-like actin apparatus. The data was used to construct a model showing that the cytoskeletal array is located within the blunt, variable-width fiber ends that abut at sutures such that the "terminal web" flanks the suture on either side. Treatment with cytochalasin-D resulted in partial disassembly of the "terminal web" and perturbed cellular organization. Laser scan analysis revealed that cytochalasin-D treated lenses had significantly greater focal variability than control lenses (P = 0.020). We conclude that cortical fibers of rat lenses contain a bipolar structure that is structurally and compositionally analogous to classical terminal webs. The results indicate that the lens "terminal web" functions to stabilize lens fiber ends at sutures thus minimizing structural disorder, which in turn, promotes the establishment and maintenance of lens transparency.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.21216 | DOI Listing |
Cell Rep
December 2024
Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, 75248 Paris Cedex, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France. Electronic address:
Vesicle trafficking and the establishment of apicobasal polarity are essential processes in epithelial morphogenesis. UNC45A deficiency has been reported in a multi-organ syndrome presenting with severe diarrhea associated with enterocyte polarity defects. Myosin 1b, an actin motor able to bind membranes, regulates membrane shaping and vesicle trafficking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biol Chem
May 2024
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Electronic address:
Actin bundling proteins crosslink filaments into polarized structures that shape and support membrane protrusions including filopodia, microvilli, and stereocilia. In the case of epithelial microvilli, mitotic spindle positioning protein (MISP) is an actin bundler that localizes specifically to the basal rootlets, where the pointed ends of core bundle filaments converge. Previous studies established that MISP is prevented from binding more distal segments of the core bundle by competition with other actin-binding proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Physiol (Oxf)
April 2024
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Aim: Trafficking, membrane retention, and signal-specific regulation of the Na/H exchanger 3 (NHE3) are modulated by the Na/H Exchanger Regulatory Factor (NHERF) family of PDZ-adapter proteins. This study explored the assembly of NHE3 and NHERF2 with the cGMP-dependent kinase II (cGKII) within detergent-resistant membrane microdomains (DRMs, "lipid rafts") during in vivo guanylate cycle C receptor (Gucy2c) activation in murine small intestine.
Methods: Small intestinal brush border membranes (siBBMs) were isolated from wild type, NHE3-deficient, cGMP-kinase II-deficient, and NHERF2-deficient mice, after oral application of the heat-stable Escherichia coli toxin (STa) analog linaclotide.
Anim Sci J
January 2024
Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan.
We investigated the role of dietary carbohydrates in the maintenance of the enterocyte microvillar structure in the chicken ileum. Male chickens were divided into the control and three experimental groups, and the experimental groups were fed diets containing 50%, 25%, and 0% carbohydrates of the control diet. The structural alterations in enterocytes were examined using transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescent techniques for β-actin and villin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
January 2024
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.
The location of different actin-based structures is largely regulated by Rho GTPases through specific effectors. We use the apical aspect of epithelial cells as a model system to investigate how RhoA is locally regulated to contribute to two distinct adjacent actin-based structures. Assembly of the non-muscle myosin-2 filaments in the terminal web is dependent on RhoA activity, and assembly of the microvilli also requires active RhoA for phosphorylation and activation of ezrin.
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