The effects of crude oil (Szeged-Algyo, Hungary) and oil fractions (F1: rich in aromatics; F2 fraction: free from aromatics) were investigated on liver CYP1A isoenzymes and antioxidant defence system following their i.p. injection into different freshwater fish species: carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), silver carp (Hyphothalmichtys molitrix V.), and European eel (Anquilla anquilla). A dose of 2 mL kg -1 crude oil enhanced EROD activity 8-fold in carp and only 5-fold in eel after 3 days. Oil fraction F1 caused only a 2-fold induction in EROD activity only in carp, while F2 fraction caused significant inhibition in all three investigated fish species. The antioxidant parameters [lipid peroxidation (LP), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH)] were measured following the treatment. A decrease of 50% in CAT activity was observed after oil treatment. The GSH level enhanced, resulting the protective effects against LP. The same dose of crude oil but a longer duration time resulted in lower CYP1A induction in carp and antioxidant parameters had returned close to control. In all treatments the EROD isoenzymes proved to be more sensitive and the effects of oil treatment showed species to be different. Carp proved to be more sensitive than eel or silver carp.
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