In this, the first report of group B streptococcal (GBS) infections in Asian neonates in South Africa, the incidence was 2.65/1000 live births over a period of 3.5 years. Early onset disease (EOD), defined as arising less than or equal to 5 days after birth, was present in 79% cases; in most of these, the onset was before the age of 24 h. One baby presented with two episodes of late onset GBS infection. The incidence of culture-proven neonatal septicaemia during the same period was 12.3/1000 live births, GBS being commonest organism isolated. It was also the most frequent cause of bacterial meningitis in the newborn, accounting for 89% cases. Although neurological signs were present in 40% patients with EOD, only 13.3% had CSF-culture-positive meningitis. Radiographic features of hyaline membrane disease were found in half of the babies with EOD and for whom a chest radiograph was performed, while one had a pneumothorax. The overall mortality was 13.2% which is much lower than that reported in other series.
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