Inhalant abuse and dependence are prevalent in adolescent population because inhalants are inexpensive, legal and accessible substance for youth. In Japan, the prevalence of inhalant abuse and dependence is gradually declining in these days, although inhalants can still become a "gateway drug" to other dependent substances such as cocaine and cannabinoids. Inhalant abuse causes show serious mental and somatic symptoms, and mortality in acute and chronic phases, while the abusers are ignorant about it. This paper reviews recent studies that investigate the symptoms and the treatments of inhalant abuse and dependence.
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J Clin Med
January 2025
Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK.
Alkyl nitrites are a class of inhalant, commonly known as 'poppers'. Although having medical uses, some other effects include a 'rush', 'high', 'euphoria', or feeling of excitement. This has led to their recreational use, in different scenarios, since the mid-1960s.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Toxicol (Phila)
January 2025
Family Physician in Private Practice, Singapore.
Introduction: Ethyl chloride misuse remains a prevailing concern due to its accessibility, but detailed descriptions of the features of toxicity are limited to sporadic reports, resulting in knowledge gaps in their clinical features and diagnosis.
Objective: To describe the clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of patients reported in the literature who developed toxicity from inhalational use of ethyl chloride.
Methods: We reviewed relevant literature over the past 50 years and analyzed the characteristics and outcomes of patients with toxicity from the inhalational use of ethyl chloride.
Clin Cardiol
November 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
Background: Volatile substance (thinner) addiction can cause serious cardiac events, such as malignant ventricular arrhythmias, acute coronary syndromes, sudden death syndrome, and dilated cardiomyopathy, as reported in many case studies. We aimed to find echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters that could foresee these adverse outcomes in clinical settings.
Methods: We enrolled 32 healthy young adult patients with at least 1 year of thinner addiction and no cardiac symptoms.
Cureus
August 2024
Critical Care Medicine, Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, USA.
PLoS One
September 2024
Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Analyzing functional brain activity through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is commonly done using tools from graph theory for the analysis of the correlation matrices. A drawback of these methods is that the networks must be restricted to values of the weights of the edges within certain thresholds and there is no consensus about the best choice of such thresholds. Topological data analysis (TDA) is a recently-developed tool in algebraic topology which allows us to analyze networks through combinatorial spaces obtained from them, with the advantage that all the possible thresholds can be considered at once.
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