PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) occurs in two biologically active forms, with 38 and 37 amino acid residues (PACAP38 and PACAP27). In mammalian tissues, PACAP38 is the dominant form. Diverse effects have been described in the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems. PACAP is known for its strong cytoprotective effects, which are present endogenously as well, as proven by knockout studies and results showing that PACAP is up-regulated following diverse injuries. Little is known about such effects in the kidney. We have previously shown that PACAP is protective in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the changes of endogenous PACAP following 60-minute renal ischemia using radioimmunoassay. Changes were observed within 24 hours following renal vessel clamping. In the cortex, an acute decrease was followed by an increase on the intact side, and levels returned to original ones on the operated side. In the medulla, changes were only observed on the clamped side: a marked up-regulation was detected in PACAP38-like immunoreactivity within the first 24 hours. The present study showed that PACAP38- and PACAP27-like immunoreactivities sensitively react to renal ischemia-reperfusion, the physiological importance of which awaits further investigation.
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