Intramolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of allene-ynes offer a quick and efficient route to fused bicyclic ring structures. Insights into the mechanism and regiochemical preferences of this reaction are provided herein on the basis of the results of quantum chemical calculations (B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)) and select experiments; both indicate that the reaction likely proceeds through a stepwise diradical pathway where one radical center is stabilized through allylic delocalization. The influences of the length of the tether connecting the alkyne and allene and substituent effects are also discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja102848z | DOI Listing |
J Org Chem
January 2025
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
A series of 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene (TCBD) derivatives with various heterocyclic moieties, including pyridine, carbazole, indole, and benzothiadiazole, was newly synthesized through a [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization reaction. Symmetric electron-rich 1,3-butadiynes with end-capped heterocyclic substituents were reacted with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE), yielding the target TCBD products in 60-80% yields under ambient or mild heating conditions. The thermal stability and optical and electrochemical properties of both 1,3-butadiyne precursors and the corresponding TCBD derivatives were investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-vis spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Org Chem
January 2025
School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, C. R. Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500 046, India.
A facile two-step enantiospecific synthesis of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroindolizine scaffolds has been developed via TMSOTf-promoted [3 + 2] cycloaddition between carbohydrate-derived spirocyclic donor-acceptor cyclopropanecarboxlates and alkyl/aryl nitriles followed by an intramolecular Mitsunobu reaction of the resulting chiral 2/5-(4-hydroxybutyl)pyrrole derivatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
A concise and convergent synthesis of the isosteroidal alkaloids veratramine and 20--veratramine has been accomplished. A Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination joins two chiral building blocks of approximately equal complexity and a transition-metal catalyzed intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition-aromatization cascade constructs the tetrasubstituted arene. Other key steps include a highly diastereoselective crotylation of an -sulfonyl iminium ion and an Eschenmoser fragmentation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemphyschem
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Durgapur Government College, West Bengal, Durgapur, 713214, India.
The relative reactivity and cis/trans selectivity of the intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition (IM32CA) reactions of nitrile oxide (NO), azide (AZ), nitrile sulfide (NS) and nitrile ylide (NY), leading to functionalized heterocycles are studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory. The kinetically controlled IM32CA reactions are predicted to be cis stereospecific, while the reaction feasibility follows the order NY>NS>NO>AZ with the respective activation Gibbs free energies of 13.7, 17.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAngew Chem Int Ed Engl
January 2025
State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
Reliable methods for rapidly constructing C(sp)-rich three-dimensional polycycles are in high demand for organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Although there are various mature systems for synthesizing five- or six-membered polycycles, a catalytic platform for accessing diverse cycloheptanoid-containing polycyclic scaffolds is lacking. Herein, we describe a method for copper-catalyzed intramolecular 2-aminoallyl cation-diene (4+3) cycloaddition reactions.
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