Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality among live-born infants. Respiratory tract infections are the most important cause of mortality in individuals with DS at all ages. In recent decades several studies have been performed to elucidate abnormalities of the immune system in DS. However, the influence of the immune system on the occurrence of respiratory tract infections in these children has never been reviewed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2010.05.007 | DOI Listing |
Annu Rev Immunol
January 2025
2Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; email:
The mucosal surfaces of the body are the most vulnerable points for infection because they are lined by single or multiple layers of very active epithelial cells. The main protector of these cells is the mucus system generated by the specialized goblet cells secreting its main components, the gel-forming mucins. The organization of the mucus varies from an attached mucus that is impenetrable to bacteria in the large intestine to a nonattached, more penetrable mucus in the small intestine and airways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChron Respir Dis
January 2025
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
A 57-year-old female presented with a chief complaint of cough, with productive yellow sputum particularly severe in the morning. Bronchoscopy revealed inflammatory changes in both main bronchi, with abundant white purulent secretions and necrotic material adhering to the luminal surface. Histopathological examination showed chronic inflammatory changes in the mucosal tissue, with mild hyperplasia of the local squamous epithelium and evidence of keratinization in the surrounding area, consistent with a diagnosis of tracheal mucosal keratosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Environ Virol
January 2025
Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus are primarily transmitted through droplets or aerosols from patients. The inactivation effects of existing virus control techniques may vary depending on the environmental factors. Therefore, it is important to establish a suitable evaluation system for assessing virus control techniques against airborne viruses for further real-world implementation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLung
January 2025
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, People's Republic of China.
Purpose: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive fibrotic lung disorder characterized by dry cough, fatigue, and exacerbated dyspnea. The prognosis of IPF is notably unfavorable, becoming extremely poor when the disease advances acutely. Effective therapeutic intervention is essential to mitigate disease progression; hence, early diagnosis and treatment are paramount.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSleep Breath
January 2025
Clinical Internal Medicine Department, Shanghai Health and Medical Center, Wuxi, 214065, People's Republic of China.
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea has been associated with various urinary system diseases, including prostatic hyperplasia and nocturia. Recently, it has been linked to prostate cancer. This study investigated the relationship between the apnea hypopnea index, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and changes in PSA.
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