Dejerine-Roussy syndrome, also known as the thalamic pain syndrome is a condition in which the body becomes hypersensitive to pain as a result of damage to the thalamus, a part of the brain that affects sensation. Association of this syndrome with HIV is rare with few case reports described in adults. We report a 10 year old male child who was HIV positive and had developed this syndrome due to cytomegalovirus vasculitis.
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Glial activation and nociceptive neuropeptide elevation associated with the development of chronic post-traumatic headache following repetitive blast exposure.
Neurobiol Pain
December 2024
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Department of Biomedical Engineering, 325 Stranger St., Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States.
Chronic headaches and pain are prevalent in those who are exposure to blast events, yet there is a gap in fundamental data that identifies the pathological mechanism for the chronification of pain. Blast-related post-traumatic headaches (PTH) are understudied and chronic pain behaviors in preclinical models can be vital to help elucidate PTH mechanisms. The descending pain modulatory system controls pain perception and involves specific brain regions such as the cortex, thalamus, pons, and medulla.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurochemical mechanism of muscular pain: Insight from the study on delayed onset muscle soreness.
J Physiol Sci
January 2025
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 950-3198, Niigata, Japan; Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences (IHMMS), Niigata University of Health and Welfare, 950-3198, Niigata, Japan.
We reviewed fundamental studies on muscular pain, encompassing the characteristics of primary afferent fibers and neurons, spinal and thalamic projections, several muscular pain models, and possible neurochemical mechanisms of muscle pain. Most parts of this review were based on data obtained from animal experiments, and some researches on humans were also introduced. We focused on delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) induced by lengthening contractions (LC), suitable for studying myofascial pain syndromes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe regulation of glutamatergic nervous system in sleep-wake states and general anesthesia.
Brain Res Bull
January 2025
Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China. Electronic address:
The sleep-wake states and general anesthesia share many neurophysiological similarities, as both involve reversible changes in consciousness and modulation of brain activity. This paper reviews the role of glutamatergic neurons, the brain's primary excitatory neurons, in regulating sleep-wake states and general anesthesia. We discuss the involvement of glutamatergic neurons across various brain regions, including the brainstem, basal forebrain, thalamus, hypothalamus, and cortex, highlighting their contributions to physiological sleep-wake and anesthesia modulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRescue-like behavior in a bystander mouse toward anesthetized conspecifics promotes arousal via a tongue-brain connection.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
Prosocial behaviors are advantageous to social species, but the neural mechanism(s) through which others receive benefit remain unknown. Here, we found that bystander mice display rescue-like behavior (tongue dragging) toward anesthetized cagemates and found that this tongue dragging promotes arousal from anesthesia through a direct tongue-brain circuit. We found that a direct circuit from the tongue → glutamatergic neurons in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN) → noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) drives rapid arousal in the anesthetized mice that receive the rescue-like behavior from bystanders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMachine learning-driven identification of critical gene programs and key transcription factors in migraine.
J Headache Pain
January 2025
Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
Background: Migraine is a complex neurological disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe headaches. Although genetic factors have been implicated, the precise molecular mechanisms, particularly gene expression patterns in migraine-associated brain regions, remain unclear. This study applies machine learning techniques to explore region-specific gene expression profiles and identify critical gene programs and transcription factors linked to migraine pathogenesis.
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