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Sex differences in contextual fear expression are associated with altered medial prefrontal cortex activity.
bioRxiv
September 2024
Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, NY, 11794.
Understanding the neural basis of fear expression in rodents has implications for understanding pathological fear responses that characterize posttraumatic stress disorder. Even though posttraumatic stress disorder is more common in females, little is known about the neural circuit interactions supporting fear expression in female rodents. In this study, we were interested in determining whether neural activity associated with the expression of contextual fear differed between males and females within the projections from the medial prefrontal cortex to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, and in the medial prefrontal cortex in neurons that do not project to the periaqueductal gray.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociating sensory cues with incoming seizures: developing an animal model of auras.
Sci Rep
September 2024
Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
For patients with epilepsy, one of the biggest problems is the unpredictability of the time when the next seizure will occur. Interestingly, some epileptic patients experience a sensory sensation preceding seizures, called aura, which helps them move to safety before a seizure. Here, we describe the development of the first animal model of auras, which could allow for a more detailed study of this phenomenon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFL-carnitine supplementation in conventional slow and ultra-rapid freezing media improves motility, membrane integrity, and fertilizing ability of dog epididymal sperm.
Anim Reprod Sci
November 2024
Laboratorio de Biotecnología de la Reproducción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca EC010205, Ecuador; Centro Latinoamericano de formación en especies mayores y menores - CLAFEM, Cuenca, Ecuador. Electronic address:
This study aimed to assess the impact of L-carnitine (LC) supplementation in conventional-slow (CS) and ultra-rapid (UR) freezing media on post-thaw quality and fertilizing ability of dog epididymal spermatozoa. Sperm samples were collected from 60 epididymides obtained from 30 adult orchiectomized dogs via retrograde flushing. Twenty pooled sperm samples were then created (3 epididymal samples/pool).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBidirectional fear modulation by discrete anterior insular circuits in male mice.
Elife
August 2024
Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
The brain's ability to appraise threats and execute appropriate defensive responses is essential for survival in a dynamic environment. Humans studies have implicated the anterior insular cortex (aIC) in subjective fear regulation and its abnormal activity in fear/anxiety disorders. However, the complex aIC connectivity patterns involved in regulating fear remain under investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParkinson's disease with hyposmia and dysautonomia: does it represent a distinct subtype?
J Neurol
August 2024
Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Background And Purpose: Olfactory dysfunction or dysautonomia is one of the earliest prodromal nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to investigate whether PD patients with dysautonomia and hyposmia at the de novo stage present different prognoses regarding PD dementia (PDD) conversion, motor complication development, and change in levodopa-equivalent doses (LED).
Methods: In this retrograde cohort study, we included 105 patients with newly diagnosed PD patients who underwent cross-cultural smell identification test (CC-SIT), autonomic function tests (AFT), and dopamine transporter (DAT) scan at the de novo stage.
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