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Defensive behaviors and c-fos expression in the midbrain.
Integr Zool
September 2024
Staglin Center for Brain and Behavioral Health, Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Pavlovian fear conditioning serves as a valuable method for investigating species-specific defensive reactions (SSDRs) such as freezing and flight responses. The present study examines the role of white noise under different experimental conditions. Given that white noise has been shown to elicit both conditional (associative) and unconditional (nonassociative) defensive responses, we compared the response to noise following three separate training conditions: shock-only, white noise paired with shock, and context-only.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNitric oxide-signalling affects panic-like defensive behaviour and defensive antinociception neuromodulation in the prelimbic cerebral cortex.
Brain Res
December 2024
Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Neuropsychobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil; Institute of Neuroscience and Behaviour (INeC) Ophidiarium, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil. Electronic address:
Rationale: The prelimbic division (PrL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a key structure in panic.
Objectives: To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in defensive behaviour and antinociception.
Methods: Either Nω-propyl-L-arginine (NPLA) or Carboxy-PTIO was microinjected in the PrL cortex, followed by hypothalamic treatment with bicuculline.
Deep brain stimulation of the dorsal raphe induces anxiolytic and panicolytic-like effects and alters serotonin immunoreactivity.
Behav Brain Res
July 2023
Departamento de Biociências, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil. Electronic address:
Previously we showed that Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the dorsal region (DRD) and of the lateral wings of the dorsal raphe (lwDR) respectively decreases anxiety and panic-like responses in the elevated T-maze (ETM). This study investigates neurobiological alterations which might respond for these behavioral effects. Male Wistar rats were submitted to high-frequency stimulation (100 µA, 100 Hz) of the DRD or of the lwDR for 1 h, and subsequently tested in the avoidance or escape tasks of the ETM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnhanced responsiveness to hypoxic panicogenic challenge in female rats in late diestrus is suppressed by short-term, low-dose fluoxetine: Involvement of the dorsal raphe nucleus and the dorsal periaqueductal gray.
J Psychopharmacol
December 2021
Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Background: Acute hypoxia, which is panicogenic in humans, also evokes panic-like behavior in male rats. Panic disorder is more common in women and susceptibility increases during the premenstrual phase of the cycle.
Aims: We here investigated for the first time the impact of hypoxia on the expression of panic-like escape behavior by female rats and its relationship with the estrous cycle.
Intravenous doxapram administration as a potential model of panic attacks in rats.
Behav Pharmacol
April 2021
Department of Pharmacology.
Panic disorder can be categorized into the nonrespiratory or the respiratory subtypes, the latter comprising dyspnea, shortness of breath, chest pain, feelings of suffocation, and paresthesias. Doxapram is an analeptic capable of inducing panic attacks with respiratory symptoms in individuals diagnosed with the disorder; however, its neuroanatomical targets and its effects on experimental animals remain uncharacterized. One of the brain regions proposed to trigger panic attacks is the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG).
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