Department of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Published: October 2010
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Background: Residual dysfunction of multiple neurotransmitter systems due to chronic alcohol use is likely responsible for the occurrence of compulsive alcohol seeking during abstinence and relapse behavior. There is increasing evidence that glycine, which activates both glycine and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, contributes to excessive alcohol consumption. We therefore hypothesized that the blockade of glycine transporter 1 might interfere with compulsive alcohol consumption and relapse behavior.
Methods: We used our animal model of alcoholism--long-term alcohol consumption with repeated deprivation phases in rats--to study the effects of a selective blocker of glycine transporter 1 Org25935. The abstinence-promoting drug acamprosate was used as a reference compound. Subsequently, we examined alterations in dorsal striatal gene expression caused by chronic ethanol (EtOH) consumption, focusing on glycinergic and glutamatergic signaling-related genes. Gene expression profiles of Org25935-treated EtOH-drinking rats were compared with vehicle-treated EtOH-drinking versus age-matched EtOH-naive rats.
Results: We found that repeated treatment with Org25935 reduced compulsive relapse-like drinking without the development of tolerance. Importantly, these antirelapse properties were maintained for at least 6 weeks in a treatment-free period. This persistent effect was paralleled by a reversal of altered expression levels of a set of glycinergic and glutamatergic signaling-related genes to the levels found in EtOH-naive control rats.
Conclusions: This study shows that treatment of rats with Org25935 leads to a reduction of compulsive alcohol consumption and relapse-like drinking behavior--an effect that persists into treatment-free periods. This long-term antirelapse effect might result from a restoration of normal glycinergic and glutamatergic signaling function.
Objective: To analyze the remnant cholesterol level and its influencing factors among Chinese residents aged 20 years old and older.
Methods: Data were collected from the Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance(2015-2017). A stratified, multi-stage, random sampling method was used.
Objective: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex neuropsychiatric condition influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Nerve growth factor (NGF) plays a crucial role in neuronal neuroplasticity and chronic alcohol consumption may alter NGF levels in specific brain regions. The study investigates the associations between NGF gene polymorphisms, susceptibility to AUD, and specific stress and personality characteristics.
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), primarily caused by chronic excessive alcohol consumption, is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. ALD includes alcohol-associated steatotic liver, alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and can even progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Existing research indicates that the risk factors of ALD are quite numerous.
Alcohol is a class 1 carcinogen, and its use, at any level, is not safe for health. Despite this, alcohol remains strongly mixed into medical culture and is often served free at medical-community events. This presents numerous ethical concerns.
Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS (LAPCLIN-AIDS), Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (INI-FIOCRUZ), 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Background: The relationship between plasmatic fatty acid (FA) composition and liver fibrosis remains scarce in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We aimed to evaluate the association of plasmatic FAs and liver fibrosis in HIV mono-infected individuals.
Methods: This case-control study included PLWHA with liver fibrosis (cases) and randomly selected subjects without fibrosis (controls) from the PROSPEC-HIV study (NCT02542020).
