Transforming growth factors-beta1 (TGF-beta1), -2, and -3 form a small group of related proteins involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and survival of various cell types. Recently, TGF-betas were also demonstrated to be neuroprotective. In the present study, we investigated their distribution in the rat brain as well as their expression following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Probes were produced for all types of TGF-betas, and in situ hybridization was performed. We demonstrated high TGF-beta1 expression in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, central amygdaloid nucleus, medial preoptic area, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, substantia nigra, brainstem reticular formation and motoneurons, and area postrema. In contrast, TGF-beta2 was abundantly expressed in deep cortical layers, dentate gyrus, midline thalamic nuclei, posterior hypothalamic area and mamillary body, superior olive, areas of monoaminergic neurons, spinal trigeminal nucleus, dorsal vagal complex, cerebellum, and choroid plexus, and a high level of TGF-beta3 mRNA was found in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal amygdaloid nuclei, lateral septal nucleus, several thalamic nuclei, arcuate and supramamillary nuclei, superior colliculus, superior olive, brainstem reticular formation and motoneurons, area postrema, and inferior olive. Focal brain ischemia induced TGF-betas with markedly different expression patterns. TGF-beta1 was induced in the penumbral region of cortex and striatum, whereas TGF-beta2 and -beta3 were induced in different layers of the ipsilateral cortex. The expression of the subtypes of TGF-betas in different brain regions suggests that they are involved in the regulation of different neurons and bind to different latent TGF-beta binding proteins. Furthermore, they might have subtype-specific functions following ischemic attack.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.22422DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

transforming growth
8
growth factors-beta1
8
rat brain
8
involved regulation
8
types tgf-betas
8
cerebral cortex
8
cortex hippocampus
8
brainstem reticular
8
reticular formation
8
formation motoneurons
8

Similar Publications

ITK-SYK and TEL-SYK (also known as ETV6-SYK) are human tumor-causing chimeric proteins containing the kinase region of SYK, and the membrane-targeting, N-terminal, PH-TH domain-doublet of ITK or the dimerizing SAM-PNT domain of TEL, respectively. ITK-SYK causes peripheral T cell lymphoma, while TEL-SYK was reported in myelodysplastic syndrome. BTK is a kinase highly related to ITK and to further delineate the role of the N-terminus, we generated the corresponding fusion-kinase BTK-SYK.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Multiomic characterization, immunological and prognostic potential of SMAD3 in pan-cancer and validation in LIHC.

Sci Rep

January 2025

Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.

SMAD3, a protein-coding gene, assumes a pivotal role within the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway. Notably, aberrant SMAD3 expression has been linked to various malignancies. Nevertheless, an extensive examination of the comprehensive pan-cancer impact on SMAD3's diagnostic, prognostic, and immunological predictive utility has yet to be undertaken.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Glioblastoma is considered the most malignant central nervous system tumor. This study aimed to investigate effects of latent transforming growth factor-β binding protein-2 (LTBP2) on glioblastoma growth and associated mechanisms. LTBP2 gene transcription in glioblastoma was determined using RT-PCR.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Surface induced crystallization/amorphization of phase change materials.

Nanotechnology

January 2025

MME, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Lake Campus, 7600 Lake Drive, Lake Campus, Fairborn, Ohio, 45435, UNITED STATES.

Surface induced crystallization/amorphization of a Germanium-antimony-tellurium (GST) nanolayer is investigated using the phase field model. A Ginzburg-Landau (GL) equation introduces an external surface layer (ESL) within which the surface energy and elastic properties are properly distributed. Next, the coupled GL and elasticity equations for the crystallization/amorphization are solved.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the role of TGFBI as a key gene in the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and how it is regulated by MARCHF8.
  • The researchers used advanced gene analysis techniques to identify significant gene modules related to IDD and found that changes in TGFBI levels affect cell behavior, inflammation, and extracellular matrix breakdown.
  • Results indicated that MARCHF8 plays a crucial role in regulating TGFBI expression, which impacts NP cell apoptosis and inflammatory responses through the NF-κB signaling pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!