Background: Some HIV protease inhibitors (PIs), including full-dose ritonavir (800 mg) and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir, acutely induce insulin resistance in the absence of HIV infection and changes in body composition. Boosting dose ritonavir (100-200 mg) is the most commonly prescribed PI, yet its effects on glucose metabolism have not been described in the absence of another PI.
Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, cross-over study, a single dose of ritonavir 200 mg or placebo was given to healthy HIV-seronegative volunteers before assessment of insulin sensitivity by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp.
Results: Boosting dose ritonavir had no effect on insulin-mediated glucose disposal (M/I, placebo: 8.59 ± 0.83 vs. ritonavir: 8.51 ± 0.64 mg/kg per minute per μU/mL insulin, P = 0.89).
Conclusions: A single boosting dose of ritonavir does not alter insulin sensitivity, suggesting lopinavir is likely responsible for the induction of insulin resistance demonstrated in prior short-term studies of lopinavir/ritonavir. There is a dose-dependent effect of ritonavir on insulin sensitivity.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3164483 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181e6a7d9 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Development of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for Ritonavir characterizing exposure and drug interaction potential at both acute and steady-state conditions.
CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol
December 2024
Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
Ritonavir (RTV) is a potent CYP3A inhibitor that is widely used as a pharmacokinetic (PK) enhancer to increase exposure to select protease inhibitors. However, as a strong and complex perpetrator of CYP3A interactions, RTV can also enhance the exposure of other co-administered CYP3A substrates, potentially causing toxicity. Therefore, the prediction of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and estimation of dosing requirements for concomitantly administered drugs is imperative.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFactors influencing Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir concentration in patients with COVID-19.
BMC Infect Dis
December 2024
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, 201508, People's Republic of China.
Background: In the filed of antiviral therapy, effective therapeutic concentration is beneficial to shorten the recovery time of patients and reduce the transmission rate.The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the factors that lead to the drug concentration of Nirmatrelvir /Ritonavir (NMV/RTV) not reaching the standard.
Methods: In this study, the NMV/RTV drug concentration(Cnmv/rtv) data (n = 114) of COVID-19 patients over 18 years old were collected from May 2022 to July 2022, and the results of the patients were retrospectively compared.
Deciphering the mechanism of microbial metabolic function shift and dissolved organic matter variation in acidogenic fermentation of waste activated sludge induced by antiviral drugs.
J Environ Manage
December 2024
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China. Electronic address:
Antiviral drugs (ATVs), as emerging contaminants enriched in wastewater activated sludge (WAS) in wastewater treatment plants, affect subsequent treatment. ATVs have been shown to have negative influences on anaerobic digestion of WAS, but it is unclear how ATVs affect functional microbial metabolic activity and changes in intermediates. Thus, the effect of the anti-HIV drug ritonavir (RIT) on the period of anaerobic fermentation (AF) and the response of microbial community structure were examined in this study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPopulation Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Regimen Analysis of Nirmatrelvir in Chinese Patients with COVID-19 Infection.
Drug Des Devel Ther
December 2024
Department of Pharmacy, Changxing People's Hospital, Changxing, People's Republic of China.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers analyzed data from 129 COVID-19 patients and found that factors like creatinine clearance and body weight significantly impacted the drug's efficacy and absorption.
- * A one-compartment model was established, and a web-based dashboard was created to help healthcare providers customize dosing for patients based on their individual needs.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (Paxlovid) in Patients Treated for COVID-19: Results from a Prospective Multicenter Observational Study.
Ther Drug Monit
December 2024
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Background: Paxlovid is a combination of the antiviral agents nirmatrelvir and ritonavir indicated for the oral treatment of high-risk, symptomatic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As real-world data on the plasma concentrations of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) are limited, the aim of this study was to investigate nirmatrelvir/ritonavir plasma trough levels in a clinical setting using therapeutic drug monitoring.
Methods: A prospective, noninterventional, multicenter, observational clinical study was conducted in which the plasma trough levels of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir were simultaneously determined by using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in patients with symptomatic COVID-19.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!