The optical thermodynamic efficiency is a comprehensive metric that takes into account all loss mechanisms associated with transferring flux from the source to the target phase space, which may include losses due to inadequate design, non-ideal materials, fabrication errors, and less than maximal concentration. We discuss consequences of Fermat's principle of geometrical optics and review étendue dilution and optical loss mechanisms associated with nonimaging concentrators. We develop an expression for the optical thermodynamic efficiency which combines the first and second laws of thermodynamics. As such, this metric is a gold standard for evaluating the performance of nonimaging concentrators. We provide examples illustrating the use of this new metric for concentrating photovoltaic systems for solar power applications, and in particular show how skewness mismatch limits the attainable optical thermodynamic efficiency.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.0000A5 | DOI Listing |
Food Res Int
April 2025
School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
Atmospheric cold plasma (ACP), known for its safety, non-thermal processing, and energy efficiency, is especially effective for preserving perishable items such as seafood. However, excessive use of ACP may cause oxidation and sensory quality deterioration, which limits its application in the seafood industry. Thus, optimizing ACP treatment modes to balance sterilization efficiency with minimal oxidative effects is essential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
March 2025
PG Department of Chemistry, Sri Pratap College, Jammu & Kashmir, 190001, Srinagar, India.
One of the pollutants of emerging concern, antibiotics, have been reported in soil, water, sediment, animal manure, food, and even drinking water. Their partially metabolized forms reach wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and natural waters wherein the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been reported to occur. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is projected to cause 10 million deaths annually across the world by 2050 in case stringent measures are not taken.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiotechnol Lett
March 2025
College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
Metagenomics is increasingly recognized as a vital technique for exploring uncultured microorganisms, with one key application being the discovery of novel enzymes for industrial use. This study identified an endoglucanase gene from soil metagenome, termed ZFEG1801, which was expressed in E. coli BL21, purified, and characterized for its biochemical properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Technol Adv Mater
February 2025
Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Materials Chemistry Research Center, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
The formation of copper oxide and zinc oxide mixture in montmorillonite was conducted by the reaction of an aqueous dispersion of Cu/Zn exchanged montmorillonite and an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide under hydrothermal treatment. The resulting product was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmittance electron microscopies, as well as UV-visible and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The diffuse reflectance absorption spectra showed the absorption onsets due to copper oxide (885 nm) and zinc oxide (310 and 580 nm) in the product.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Chem
March 2025
State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Degradation of carbon-backbone polymers, which make up most plastics, remains a formidable challenge owing to strong and inert main-chain C-C bonds. While incorporation of comonomers that generate backbone radicals under certain conditions can induce degradation of the polymer chain, such strategies yield complex oligomer mixtures. Here we report aromatization-driven C-C bond cleavage as a viable and powerful strategy to endow the degradability into carbon backbones using acrylic polymers as a model example.
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