Human breast cystic disease is a common premenopausal benign breast condition. Apocrine metaplasia of normal breast epithelium is the lesion that allows cysts to develop. Apocrine metaplasia and breast cysts occur frequently in association with other proliferative changes in breast epithelium, especially breast epithelial hyperplasia. Clinical follow-up studies of women with breast cystic disease indicate an increased risk of subsequent development of breast carcinoma. This risk is enhanced when multiple cysts occur. A positive family history of breast carcinoma adds to the increased risk that is associated with breast cystic disease. Biochemical analysis of breast cystic disease fluid shows a unique protein profile. GCDFP-15 (gross cystic disease fluid protein) in breast cystic disease fluid is also found by immunoperoxidase staining to be present in approximately 50% of all breast carcinomas Enhanced production of GCDFP-15 by breast carcinomas has been shown experimentally and clinically with the use of androgens. A hypothesis is presented on the sequence of alterations that relate to the development of breast gross cystic disease and to the development of breast carcinomas with apocrine features.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000478-199107000-00010 | DOI Listing |
J Cyst Fibros
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School Of Medicine, USA.
Background: Males with cystic fibrosis (MwCF) face general and disease-specific sexual and reproductive health (SRH) concerns. Using concept mapping (CM), this study identified the SRH topics valued by members of the CF community.
Methods: MwCF 18 years and older, parents and partners of MwCF, and healthcare providers participated in an online CM study.
Gastroenterol Clin North Am
March 2025
Department of Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, AIG Hospitals, Hyderabad, India. Electronic address:
The endoscopic step-up approach in the management of necrotizing pancreatitis involves sequential steps of intervention at different time points in the clinical course of the disease. EUS -guided drainage of walled-off necrosis is the first step of the endoscopic step-up approach. Lumen-apposing metal stents are preferred over plastic stents for safe and effective drainage because of their wide caliber.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRedox Biol
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA. Electronic address:
Repeated use of nitroglycerin results in a loss of its vasodilatory efficacy which limits its clinical use for the treatment of angina pectoris. This tolerance phenomenon is a defining characteristic of all compounds classified as nitrodilators, which includes NTG as well as S-nitrosothiols and dinitrosyl iron complexes. These compounds vasodilate via activation of soluble guanylate cyclase, although they do not release requisite amounts of free nitric oxide (NO) and some do not even cross the plasma membrane.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Am Thorac Soc
January 2025
University of Nottingham, Centre for Respiratory Research and Biomecal Research Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Intern Med J
January 2025
Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Background: Return-to-work (RTW) following lung transplant has been associated with increased quality of life, but little is known regarding the rates of and barriers to this in the Australian population.
Aims: We aimed to describe, characterise and determine predictors of return to work and social participation in Australian lung transplant recipients. We also sought to explore the relationship between return to work and quality of life.
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