Applying principles of good practice for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of sleep-screening instruments in children.

With the increase in the number of international projects in pediatric sleep medicine, the need to adapt sleep-screening tools for use in cross-cultural settings has rapidly grown. However, accepted procedures for translating and adapting existing measures are not uniformly and consistently incorporated in epidemiologic studies, resulting in potential measurement problems. The aims of this brief report are to (a) give an overview of principles for the translation and cultural adaptation of pediatric sleep-screening instruments and (b) illustrate these procedures in describing the translation and adaptation of two widely used pediatric sleep-screening tools for a German population. Challenges in the development of cross-cultural adaptations of parent-report sleep-screening measures for children are also discussed.