A three substituted urea derivative, SA13353 (compound 1a), exhibited potent inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha production. We focused on the 1,1-substituted moiety (R(1) and R(2)) of SA13353 and investigated substituent effects of this moiety on LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by oral administration in rats. The synthesis of the urea derivatives was performed rapidly in a one-pot manner using a manual synthesizer. Several compounds containing hydrophobic substituents at this moiety showed more potent inhibitory activities than SA13353.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.06.037 | DOI Listing |
Int Immunopharmacol
January 2025
Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Electronic address:
Cytokine storm is a life-threatening systemic hyper-inflammatory state caused by different etiologies, in which the bulk production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from activated macrophages has a central role. Integrated stress response (ISR) comprises several protective signaling pathways, leading to phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and repression of protein translation. Emerging evidence suggests that ISR induction may elicit anti-inflammatory effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurochem Res
January 2025
Precision Pharmacy & Drug Development Center, Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
Depression is a common and complex neuropsychiatric disorder affecting people of all ages worldwide, associated with high rates of relapse and disability. Neohesperidin (NEO) is a dietary flavonoid with applications in therapeutics; however, its effects on depressive-like behavior remain unknown. Here, we evaluated the effects of NEO on depressive-like behavior induced by chronic and unpredictable mild stress (CUMS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
University Institute of Pharmaceutical sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India.
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to external forces is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people of all age groups, worldwide. Multiple biological processes like neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, amyloid β (Aβ) production, and tau hyperphosphorylation are involved in the pathogenesis of TBI. The role of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress has been suggested in the pathophysiology of brain injury-induced cognitive dysfunction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Background: Consuming prebiotics demonstrated therapeutic potential against obesity, as illustrated by our previous study on xylooligosaccharide (XOS), revealing that XOS reduced adiposity, diminished systemic inflammation, and restored cognitive function in obese insulin-resistant rats through the gut-brain axis. Fresh bananas at various ripening stages are being transformed into snacks, indicating potential as prebiotic-based treats enriched with fructooligosaccharide and inulin. Despite those findings, there remains a notable gap in the literature concerning the impact of these prebiotic-based snacks on brain inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cognitive function in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Background: Microglia are dominant immune cells residing in the brain that regulate brain homeostasis and T-cell responses. An important immune function of microglia involves presenting microbial antigens to mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells; MAIT cells recognize microbial vitamin B-derived metabolites presented by the MHC class I-like molecule, MR1. Our recent findings highlighted a detrimental role for the MR1/MAIT cell axis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) using the 5XFAD mouse model.
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