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Transcytosis of T4 Bacteriophage Through Intestinal Cells Enhances Its Immune Activation.
Viruses
January 2025
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Interactions between bacteriophages with mammalian immune cells are of great interest and most phages possess at least one molecular pattern (nucleic acid, sugar residue, or protein structure) that is recognizable to the immune system through pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP) receptors (i.e., TLRs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSerosurvey of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Cattle in Southern Japan and Estimation of Its Transmissibility by Transient Infection in Nonvaccinated Cattle.
Viruses
January 2025
Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan.
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is caused by the BVD virus (BVDV) and has been reported worldwide in cattle. To estimate BVDV circulation among cattle where few BVD cases were reported in southern Japan, 1910 serum samples collected from 35 cattle farms without a BVD outbreak were investigated to detect antibodies against BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 using an indicator virus with a cytopathogenic effect and the luciferase gene, respectively. Neutralizing antibodies against BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 were detected more frequently in 18 vaccinated farms than in 17 nonvaccinated farms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of Fusion to the LTB Carrier Protein on Coronavirus Spike Protein Vaccine Candidates Produced in Maize.
Viruses
December 2024
Applied Biotechnology Institute, California Polytechnic Tech Park, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
Coronaviruses continue to disrupt health and economic productivity worldwide. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a devastating swine disease and SARS-CoV-2 is the latest coronavirus to infect the human population. Both viruses display a similar spike protein on the surface that is a target of vaccine development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChitosan Nanoparticles for Enhanced Immune Response and Delivery of Multi-Epitope Vaccines in a BALB/c Mouse Model.
Pharmaceutics
January 2025
Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
: is the leading cause of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosal-associated lymphoma. Due to the emerging problems with antibiotic treatment against in clinical practice, vaccination has gained more interest. Oral immunization is considered a promising approach for preventing initial colonization of this bacterium in the gastrointestinal tract, establishing a first line of defense at gastric mucosal surfaces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn Update on Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines and the Challenges to Protect Against New SARS-CoV-2 Variants.
Pathogens
January 2025
Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a significant threat to global health systems, with extensive impacts across many sectors of society. The pandemic has been responsible for millions of deaths worldwide since its first identification in late 2019. Several actions have been taken to prevent the disease, including the unprecedented fast development and global vaccination campaigns, which were pivotal in reducing symptoms and deaths.
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