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Navigating Dementia and Delirium: Balancing Identity and Interests in Advance Directives.
Nurs Philos
January 2025
Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
The moral authority of advance directives (ADs) in the context of persons living with dementia (PLWD) has sparked a multifaceted debate, encompassing concerns such as authenticity and the appropriate involvement of caregivers. Dresser critiques ADs based on Parfit's account of numeric personal identity, using the often-discussed case of a PLWD called Margo. She claims that dementia leads to a new manifestation of Margo emerging, which then contracts pneumonia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImproving the odds of survival: transgenerational effects of infections.
EMBO Mol Med
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Recent studies argue for a novel concept of the role of chromatin as a carrier of epigenetic memory through cellular and organismal generations, defining and coordinating gene activity states and physiological functions. Environmental insults, such as exposures to unhealthy diets, smoking, toxic compounds, and infections, can epigenetically reprogram germ-line cells and influence offspring phenotypes. This review focuses on intergenerational and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance in different plants, animal species and humans, presenting the up-to-date evidence and arguments for such effects in light of Darwinian and Lamarckian evolutionary theories.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSARS-CoV-2 Is an Electricity-Driven Virus.
Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol
January 2025
Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
One of the most important and challenging biological events of recent times has been the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Since the underpinning argument behind this book is the ubiquity of electrical forces driving multiple disparate biological events, consideration of key aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins is included. Electrical regulation of spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, membrane protein, and envelope protein is included, with several of their activities regulated by LLPS and the multivalent and π-cation and π-π electrical forces that drive phase separation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluating factors that impact scoring an open response situational judgment test: a mixed methods approach.
Front Med (Lausanne)
January 2025
Research Department, Acuity Insights, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Introduction: Situational judgment tests (SJT) are commonly used in admissions to measure skills associated with professionalism. Although open-response SJTs have shown strong psychometric properties, assessors' personal beliefs, experiences, and cultural backgrounds may influence how they perceive, organize and evaluate information within test takers' diverse responses. Additionally, SJT research typically focuses on reliability and predictive validity, whereas the construct validity of open response SJTs remains underexplored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAre neurasthenia and depression the same disease entity? An electroencephalography study.
BMC Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Background: The neurasthenia-depression controversy has lasted for several decades. It is challenging to solve the argument by symptoms alone for syndrome-based disease classification. Our aim was to identify objective electroencephalography (EEG) measures that can differentiate neurasthenia from major depressive disorder (MDD).
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