Medical risks and benefits of the sweat lodge.

Background: The ancient practice of the sweat lodge is increasingly common as part of healing practice in substance abuse and other programs for American Indians. It is popular outside Indian culture as well. Reported deaths of four whites in sweat-type ceremonies, however, suggest a need for medical caution.

Objectives: This review of the available literature summarizes psychologic, spiritual, and medical benefits and risks, using Finnish sauna as the nearest physiologic model for some aspects.

Conclusions: Alcohol use just before, ischemic heart disease, and sweating alone appear to be major risk factors.