[Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and diabetes mellitus, type I and II].

Aim: To study an association between multifactorial obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma and types 1 and 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D).

Subjects And Methods: A multicenter study was conducted in two formed cohorts of patients with bronchopulmonary pathology (n = 616) and diabetes (n = 700). Random sampling, retrospective data collection, by applying a blind approach, as well as questioning and, if need be, diagnosis verification and an additional study were accomplished. Statistical methods were employed to make a cross assessment of the prevalence of the diseases in each cohort as compared to a control group in which population-based values were used.

Results: In the cohort of patients with bronchopulmonary pathology, the prevalence of T2D was considerable in patients with COPD, it was 9.49%, which was greater than the control values (3.0; p < 0.01), more than 25 times higher (p < 0.05) than that in asthmatic patients in whom the prevalence was 3.64% and it did not differ from the control group. In COPD concurrent with T2D, the prevalence of diabetes was as high as 16.15% (p < 0.001). At the same time, the prevalence of bronchopulmonary pathology in the T2D cohort being 2.3% for COPD and 1.0% for asthma was lower than the population-based value (p < 0.05), 2.6% and 6.1%, respectively. It was contrastingly found that T1D was absent in the asthmatic patients and the prevalence of asthma (0.33%) was low in patients with asthma (p < 0.05). In parallel, an association between COPD and T1D could not be traced, by taking into account an age difference and other specific features of a pathological process in these patient groups.

Conclusion: Unlike asthma, COPD, in combination with asthma in particular, is an essential risk factor for T2D. Asthma and T1D mutually exclude each other.