We explore processes of seed immigration and seedling recruitment before an experimental rainforest restoration matures enough to affect either. Twenty-four 30 × 30-m plots were fenced in 12 ha of pasture in 2006. Seeds were collected in ninety-six 1-m(-2) seed traps; recruits were censused in ~12,000 m(2) in which establishment was allowed. We tested effects of distance from forest, living trees, and stumps of trees cut during site preparation on seed rain in 2007 and effects of these and soil depth on recruits through June 2008. Seed fall and recruitment were not correlated with distance to forest 90-400 m away, nor to living shade trees outside the 160 × 485-m experimental grid. Recruitment differed for animal- and wind-dispersed species in a topographically complex landscape. Recruitment of wind-dispersed species was random with respect to soil depth or distance to recent stumps. Recruitment of animal-dispersed species was multimodal; partial correlations with number of stumps within 30 m of plots were significant with soil depth held constant (P < 0.025), as were correlations of recruitment with soil depth with number of stumps held constant (P < 0.01). Animal-dispersed recruits were often not conspecifics of adults that had been cut, indicating a legacy of attraction by fruiting trees of animals bearing seeds from distant sources. Ecological implications are that recruitment in pastures released from grazing reflects a mix of widely scattered wind-dispersed pioneers and, where animal-dispersed trees exist, multi-modal and decidedly non-random recruitment of pioneer and later successional animal-dispersed trees from seed banks.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1669-2 | DOI Listing |
PeerJ
January 2025
Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
Grazing can alter the physicochemical properties of soil and quickly influence the composition of microbial communities. However, the effects of grazing intensity on fungal community composition in different soil depth remain unclear. On the Inner Mongolia Plateau, we studied the effects of grazing intensity treatments including no grazing (NG), light grazing (LG), moderate grazing (MG), heavy grazing (HG), and over grazing (OG) on the physicochemical properties and fungal community composition of surface (0-20 cm) and subsurface (20-40 cm) soil layers.
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January 2025
Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Berlin, Germany.
Agroforestry systems are multifunctional land-use systems that promote soil life. Despite their large potential spatio-temporal complexity, the majority of studies that investigated soil organisms in temperate cropland agroforestry systems focused on rather non-complex systems. Here, we investigated the topsoil and subsoil microbiome of two complex and innovative alley cropping systems: an agrosilvopastoral system combining poplar trees, crops, and livestock and a syntropic agroforestry system combining 35 tree and shrub species with forage crops.
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January 2025
Nanjing ShengNuo Heat Pipe Limited Company, Nanjing, 210009, China.
This study investigates the feasibility of using nano-thermal rod for deicing tunnel pavements in cold region. The heating performance of the nano-thermal rod was compared with that of carbon fiber heating wire under low voltage conditions. Experimental studies were conducted in a controlled environmental chamber to evaluate the effects of arrangement parameters (spacing, buried depth, input power) and environmental factors (ambient temperature and moisture) on heating rate and effectiveness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
January 2025
Institute for Bioanalysis, University of Applied Sciences Coburg, Coburg, Germany.
Biocides, applied in building materials as antimicrobial protectants, can be leached out by rain, presenting substantial environmental risks as confirmed by studies on aquatic environments. However, these biocides are consistently released throughout the year in a diluted form, posing unique challenges for the prediction of transport, transformation, and ecotoxicity assessment in soil. To address this challenge, we combined COMLEAM, which predicts leaching from facades into the soil, with the FOCUS PELMO pesticide model to predict biocide distribution in soil.
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January 2025
Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France.
Microbiological datasets and associated environmental parameters from the French soil quality monitoring network (RMQS) offer an opportunity for long-term and large-scale soil quality monitoring. Soils supply important ecosystem services e.g.
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