The central nervous system (CNS) is capable of gathering information on the body's nutritional state and it implements appropriate behavioral and metabolic responses to changes in fuel availability. This feedback signaling of peripheral tissues ensures the maintenance of energy homeostasis. The hypothalamus is a primary site of convergence and integration for these nutrient-related feedback signals, which include central and peripheral neuronal inputs as well as hormonal signals. Increasing evidence indicates that glucose and lipids are detected by specialized fuel-sensing neurons that are integrated in these hypothalamic neuronal circuits. The purpose of this review is to outline the current understanding of fuel-sensing mechanisms in the hypothalamus, to integrate the recent findings in this field, and to address the potential role of dysregulation in these pathways in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933848 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-010-0414-7 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Conformational dynamics in specialized CH zinc finger domains enable zinc-responsive gene repression in S. pombe.
Protein Sci
February 2025
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Loz1 is a zinc-responsive transcription factor in fission yeast that maintains cellular zinc homeostasis by repressing the expression of genes required for zinc uptake in high zinc conditions. Previous deletion analysis of Loz1 found a region containing two tandem CH zinc-fingers and an upstream "accessory domain" rich in histidine, lysine, and arginine residues to be sufficient for zinc-dependent DNA binding and gene repression. Here we report unexpected biophysical properties of this pair of seemingly classical CH zinc fingers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHypothalamic neural circuits regulating energy expenditure.
Vitam Horm
January 2025
Lilly Diabetes Research Center, Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States. Electronic address:
The hypothalamus plays a central role in regulating energy expenditure and maintaining energy homeostasis, crucial for an organism's survival. Located in the ventral diencephalon, it is a dynamic and adaptable brain region capable of rapid responses to environmental changes, exhibiting high anatomical and cellular plasticity and integrates a myriad of sensory information, internal physiological cues, and humoral factors to accurately interpret the nutritional state and adjust food intake, thermogenesis, and energy homeostasis. Key hypothalamic nuclei contain distinct neuron populations that respond to hormonal, nutrient, and neural inputs and communicate extensively with peripheral organs like the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, and adipose tissues to regulate energy production, storage, mobilization, and utilization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe associations between irregular breakfast and late-night snacking with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.
Clin Nutr
January 2025
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Surgical Basic Research Laboratory of Liver Cirrhosis and Liver Cancer, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China. Electronic address:
Background: The newly coined term Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) emphasizes the critical role of metabolic risk factors in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. The consumption of irregular breakfasts or late-night snacks has been identified as a factor closely associated with disruptions in the body's energy homeostasis and metabolic balance. However, the relationship between these behaviors and MASLD has not been previously examined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArginine metabolism in myeloid cells in health and disease.
Semin Immunopathol
January 2025
Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
Metabolic flexibility is key for the function of myeloid cells. Arginine metabolism is integral to the regulation of myeloid cell responses. Nitric oxide (NO) production from arginine is vital for the antimicrobial and pro-inflammatory responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnergy metabolism, antioxidant defense system, metal transport, and ion homeostasis are key contributors to Cd tolerance in SSSL derived from wild rice.
J Hazard Mater
December 2024
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Electronic address:
Cadmium (Cd) toxicity poses major challenges to rice cultivation, affecting plant growth and development. Wild rice and nanoparticles offer promising strategies to enhance Cd tolerance, yet little is known about their combined effects. This study evaluates the single segment substitution line (SG004) from Oryza glumaepatula (wild rice) and its response to Cd stress compared to cultivated rice (HJX74).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!