Early outcome of preterm infants with birth weight of 1500 g or less and gestational age of 30 weeks or less in Isfahan city, Iran.

Background: The outcome of preterm neonates has been varied in different hospitals and regions in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the mortality, morbidity and survival of neonates weighing 1500 g or less and with gestational age of 30 weeks or less who were admitted to referral neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of two hospitals in Isfahan city, Iran and to investigate the effect of birth weight, gestational age and Apgar score on infant mortality.

Methods: We studied retrospectively the morbidity, mortality and survival of 194 newborns with a birth weight of
Results: Overall, 125 (64.4%; 95%CI 58%-71%) of the 194 infants died during their hospital stay. The morbidity in this study was as follows: respiratory distress syndrome 76% (95%CI 70%-82%), septicemia 30.9% (95%CI 24%-37%), bronchopulmonary dysplasia 10.3% (95%CI 6%-15%), necrotizing enterocolitis 6.7% (95%CI 3%-10%), patent ductus arteriosus 12.4% (95%CI 8%-17%), intraventricular hemorrhage 7.2% (95%CI 4%-11%), and apnea 16.5% (95%CI 11%-22%). Packed cell transfusion was required in 43.3% (95%CI 36%-50%) of the neonates. The Kaplan Meier survival analysis revealed that 75% of the infants would live past 2 days, 50% after 14 days, and 25% after 69 days.

Conclusions: Even with modern perinatal technology and care, early deaths of very low birth weight infants are still common in our referral hospitals. The outcome of infants born at 24-28 weeks is unfavorable. The hospital level is an important factor affecting the mortality and morbidity of these infants.