Background: The present study investigated the effects of venlafaxine, an antidepressant drug with immunoregulatory properties on the inflammatory response and bone loss associated with experimental periodontal disease (EPD).
Materials And Methods: Wistar rats were subjected to a ligature placement around the second upper left molar. The treated groups received orally venlafaxine (10 or 50 mg/kg) one hour before the experimental periodontal disease induction and daily for 10 days. Vehicle-treated experimental periodontal disease and a sham-operated (SO) controls were included. Bone loss was analyzed morphometrically and histopathological analysis was based on cell influx, alveolar bone, and cementum integrity. Lipid peroxidation quantification and immunohistochemistry to TNF-alpha and iNOS were performed.
Results: Experimental periodontal disease rats showed an intense bone loss compared to SO ones (SO = 1.61 +/- 1.36; EPD = 4.47 +/- 1.98 mm, p < 0.001) and evidenced increased cellular infiltration and immunoreactivity for TNF-alpha and iNOS. Venlafaxine treatment while at low dose (10 mg/kg) afforded no significant protection against bone loss (3.25 +/- 1.26 mm), a high dose (50 mg/kg) caused significantly enhanced bone loss (6.81 +/- 3.31 mm, p < 0.05). Venlafaxine effectively decreased the lipid peroxidation but showed no significant change in TNF-alpha or iNOS immunoreactivity.
Conclusion: The increased bone loss associated with high dose venlafaxine may possibly be a result of synaptic inhibition of serotonin uptake.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-5751-9-3 | DOI Listing |
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School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China.
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Hyperparathyroidism is a rare entity in pediatrics. It is defined as the increased production of parathyroid hormone. It may be due to a primary defect of the parathyroid glands (primary hyperparathyroidism) or to a compensatory parathyroid hormone production to correct hypocalcemia states of various origins (secondary hyperparathyroidism).
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Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care (Me.Pre.C.C.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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