AI Article Synopsis
- The study analyzed how non-cardiac death affects the assessment of cardiac outcomes in patients who underwent revascularization procedures (CABG and PCI) over nearly 11 years.
- Results indicated that while the overall death rate was higher in CABG patients, the likelihood of dying from cardiac causes was similar for both groups, but there were notable differences in risks for other conditions like myocardial infarction and heart failure.
- The findings highlighted that using the Kaplan-Meier method tends to overstate risks, and the main predictor of total mortality was related to non-cardiac diseases rather than cardiac events.
Article Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the influence of competing risk (CR) non-cardiac death during long-term follow-up of revascularized patients on the interpretation of the cardiac outcomes.
Methods: Retrospectively, we compared outcomes estimated with the Kaplan-Meier and the cumulative incidence function (CIF) methods after a median 10.8 years follow-up in 1,234 consecutive patients (594 CABG, 640 PCI) undergoing first time non-emergent revascularization in a community cohort.
Results: Overall 301 (24.4%) patients died (27.3% in the CABG vs. 21.7% in the PCI group, p = 0.02). The causes of death were cardiac (10.3%) and non-cardiac (14.1%). CR analysis showed a similar probability of cardiac death (CIF 0.10 (95% CI 0.092, 0.18) vs. 0.093 (0.07, 0.12)) in the CABG and PCI treated patients, respectively. The probability for acute myocardial infarction (CIF 0.12 vs. 0.16 p < 0.001), congestive heart failure (CIF 0.15 vs. 0.09 p = 0.007) in the CABG and PCI group respectively, differed. The differences were also statistically significant after multivariate adjustment for the competing risks of death. For all outcomes the Kaplan-Meier method overestimated risk estimates.
Conclusions: The competing risk adjusted probability for cardiac death, but not other cardiac endpoints are comparable in patients treated with either CABG or PCI after very long-term follow-up. The risk for all-cause death was mainly predicted by the occurrence of non-cardiac diseases.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14017431003698531 | DOI Listing |
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