This paper reviews two custom electronic circuits that implement some simple models of neural function. The circuits include a thin-film array of read-only resistive synapses and an array of programmable synapses and amplifiers serving as electronic neurons. Circuit performance and architecture are discussed.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.26.005077 | DOI Listing |
Stem Cell Res Ther
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
Background: Closed head injury (CHI) provokes a prominent neuroinflammation that may lead to long-term health consequences. Microglia plays pivotal and complex roles in neuroinflammation-mediated neuronal insult and repair following CHI. We previously reported that induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) can block the effects of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling on NF-κB activation in activated microglia by CXCR4 overexpression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Analog In-memory Computing (IMC) has demonstrated energy-efficient and low latency implementation of convolution and fully-connected layers in deep neural networks (DNN) by using physics for computing in parallel resistive memory arrays. However, recurrent neural networks (RNN) that are widely used for speech-recognition and natural language processing have tasted limited success with this approach. This can be attributed to the significant time and energy penalties incurred in implementing nonlinear activation functions that are abundant in such models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
ZJU-UIUC Institute, Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
The bidirectional interactions between metamaterials and artificial intelligence have recently attracted immense interest to motivate scientists to revisit respective communities, giving rise to the proliferation of intelligent metamaterials and metamaterials intelligence. Owning to the strong nonlinear fitting and generalization ability, artificial intelligence is poised to serve as a materials-savvy surrogate electromagnetic simulator and a high-speed computing nucleus that drives numerous self-driving metamaterial applications, such as invisibility cloak, imaging, detection, and wireless communication. In turn, metamaterials create a versatile electromagnetic manipulator for wave-based analogue computing to be complementary with conventional electronic computing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Craniomaxillofac Surg
January 2025
Digital Technology Center, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the anthropometric accuracy of 3D face reconstruction based on neural networks (3DFRBN) using 2D images, including the assessment of global errors and landmarks, as well as linear and angular measurements.
Methods: Thirty healthy volunteers were recruited in this study. For each volunteer, five standard photos were taken, capturing anterior, 45° to left and right, and 90° to left and right views.
Paediatr Respir Rev
January 2025
Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Electronic address:
The psychological trauma following COVID-19 has been lengthy and fraught for some children and their families. The specific problems encountered by children rendered helpless and hopeless by watching others suffer, vicarious traumatisation, is explained in brief as it represents a central motif in clinical work in psychology. This paper will focus on what is known of the nature of psychological trauma in children and families with a focus on the individual clinical manifestations of personal significance.
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