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Classic diabetic ketoacidosis and the euglycemic variant: Something old, something new.

Cleve Clin J Med

January 2025

Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Clinical Assistant Professor, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was historically considered a condition typical of type 1 diabetes. However, patients with type 2 diabetes may present with DKA, usually with higher blood glucose levels and milder ketoacidosis. With the increased use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, the variant euglycemic DKA has been described.

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Article Synopsis
  • Pulmonary airway dystrophy (PAD) is a rare condition that can be either inherited or developed, with limited research on how air pressure changes during airplane trips or high-altitude situations impact it.
  • Studies indicate that all PAD cases have been linked to accidents during exposure to varying air pressures, necessitating careful consideration of each individual case to tailor recommendations based on the disease's origin and severity.
  • Establishing a register for cases of barotrauma in individuals with cystic lung disease or pulmonary bullae related to PAD could provide valuable insights and improve patient management.
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Electromagnetic metamaterial agent.

Light Sci Appl

January 2025

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.

Metamaterials have revolutionized wave control; in the last two decades, they evolved from passive devices via programmable devices to sensor-endowed self-adaptive devices realizing a user-specified functionality. Although deep-learning techniques play an increasingly important role in metamaterial inverse design, measurement post-processing and end-to-end optimization, their role is ultimately still limited to approximating specific mathematical relations; the metamaterial is still limited to serving as proxy of a human operator, realizing a predefined functionality. Here, we propose and experimentally prototype a paradigm shift toward a metamaterial agent (coined metaAgent) endowed with reasoning and cognitive capabilities enabling the autonomous planning and successful execution of diverse long-horizon tasks, including electromagnetic (EM) field manipulations and interactions with robots and humans.

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The evolution of precursors to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is still a challenge in atmospheric chemistry. Chamber experiments were conducted to simulate the ambient OH oxidation of naphthalene and α-pinene, which are typical markers of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions. Particulate matters were sampled by quartz filters and were analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled with a thermal desorption system (TD) and a mass spectrometer (MS).

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A Prebiotic Route to Lactate from Acetaldehyde, Cyanide and Carbon Dioxide.

Chemistry

December 2024

University of Copenhagen, Chemistry, Universitetsparken 5, Kemisk Institut, 2100, Copenhagen, DENMARK.

The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) has fluctuated throughout Earth's history. However, the role of CO2 in prebiotic chemistry has predominantly been limitedly postulated as a C1 precursor, which can be reduced to carbon monoxide or methane mimicking the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. Herein we present neglected roles of CO2 as an active promoter in accessing biologically important C3-builidng blocks such as lactate, via redox-economic reaction cycles from cyanide (C1) and acetaldehyde (C2).

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