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Basal ganglia components have distinct computational roles in decision-making dynamics under conflict and uncertainty.
PLoS Biol
January 2025
Carney Institute for Brain Science, Department of Cognitive & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America.
The basal ganglia (BG) play a key role in decision-making, preventing impulsive actions in some contexts while facilitating fast adaptations in others. The specific contributions of different BG structures to this nuanced behavior remain unclear, particularly under varying situations of noisy and conflicting information that necessitate ongoing adjustments in the balance between speed and accuracy. Theoretical accounts suggest that dynamic regulation of the amount of evidence required to commit to a decision (a dynamic "decision boundary") may be necessary to meet these competing demands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUpdates to HIV transmission rate estimates along the HIV care continuum in the United States, 2019.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
January 2025
Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, US at the time this research was undertaken. Current affiliation: Manhattan Associates, Atlanta GA.
Background: In 2019, there were an estimated 1.2 million persons with HIV (PWH) and 35,100 new infections in the United States. The HIV care continuum has a large influence on transmission dynamics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEstimating the Effect of Adhering to the Recommendations of the 2019 Canada's Food Guide on Health Outcomes in Older Adults: Protocol for a Target Trial Emulation.
JMIR Res Protoc
January 2025
School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada.
Background: The 2019 Canada's Food Guide provides universal recommendations to individuals aged ≥2 years. However, the extent to which these recommendations are appropriate for older adults is unknown. Although ideal, conducting a large randomized controlled trial is unrealistic in the short term.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCushing's syndrome related to higher rates and earlier onset of cataract: A nationwide retrospective cohort study.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol
January 2025
School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Purpose: To investigate the risk of cataract in patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) and evaluate whether disease onset occurs at an earlier age compared to general population.
Methods: A nationwide retrospective matched-cohort study including individuals diagnosed with endogenous CS from 2000 to 2023. Patients with CS were matched in a 1:5 ratio with a control group individually matched for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and body mass index.
Contexts, people, and work designs: Developing and testing a multilevel theory for understanding variability in work design consequences.
J Appl Psychol
January 2025
Eli Broad College of Business, Michigan State University.
Work design scholarship has demonstrated that work characteristics are important determinants of a wide range of individual outcomes including well-being, motivation, satisfaction, and performance. Yet this scholarship has also revealed substantial and unaccounted for variance in these effects, prompting calls for theory and research that applies multilevel and contextual perspectives to expand our understanding of work designs. We develop theory that spans occupation, job, and individual levels to connect the influences of both context and personal attributes (e.
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