[Pseudotumoral mediastinal amyloidosis].

Purpose: Amyloidosis involvement of mediastinal nodes is rare. Isolated pseudotumoral involvement without extra-thoracic disease is a diagnostic challenge and typically raises concern for underlying malignancy. We present 3 cases of pseudotumoral mediastinal amyloidosis.

Methods: We report the cases of 3 patients presenting with recent onset of respiratory symptoms. Bronchoscopy showed mucosal infiltration suspicious for lymphangitic spread of tumor. The patients underwent chest radiography complemented by CT of the chest and abdomen, and laboratory and immunological work-up. A diagnosis of pseudotumoral mediastinal amyloidosis was confirmed by mediastinoscopic biopsy in all cases.

Results: CT showed a pulmonary and mediastinal tumor process in 2 cases and pericarinal tumor in 1 case. Diffuse bronchial wall thickening was present in all cases. Review of biopsy material showed tracheobronchial amyloidosis in 1 case. Patient work-up showed no evidence of extra-thoracic amyloidosis. Rapid progression of bronchial obstruction was observed in 1 case.

Conclusion: The imaging features of mediastinal amyloidosis are non-specific. Pseudotumoral involvement of mediastinal nodes associated with pulmonary amyloidosis accelerates the degree of airway obstruction.