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Relation of Transversus Abdominis to Rectus Abdominis Muscle in Various Anatomical Landmark Levels: A Cadaveric Study.
Arch Plast Surg
January 2025
Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Posterior Component Separation (PCS) is a surgical technique used in abdominal wall reconstruction. Understanding the relationship between the rectus abdominis and transversus abdominis muscles and the location of intercostal nerves is crucial for minimizing nerve injury during PCS. This cadaveric study aimed to investigate these anatomical relationships and propose practical guidelines for safer PCS procedures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe risk of failure of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy: from PRAETORIAN score to clinical practice.
Europace
January 2025
Institute of Cardiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Italy.
Background: The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) is an alternative to traditional ICDs. The PRAETORIAN score, based on chest radiographs, has been validated to predict the probability of successful S-ICD defibrillation testing by assessing factors like fat thickness between the coil and sternum and generator placement.
Objective: This study evaluated the correlation between the PRAETORIAN score and clinical characteristics, as well as implantation variables.
Efficacy of urethral suspension-assisted urethral anastomosis as a treatment for complex long-segment posterior urethral stricture.
World J Urol
January 2025
Department of Urology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Institute of Urologic Reconstruction, Shanghai, 200233, China.
Purpose: To determine the clinical effects of urethral suspension-assisted urethral anastomosis on complex long-segment posterior urethral stricture and describe the technical aspects of this procedure.
Materials And Methods: The clinical data for 24 patients who underwent urethral suspension-assisted urethral anastomosis for complex long-segment posterior urethral stricture between March 2021 and March 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical procedure comprises the following four steps: creation of an inverted Y-shaped incision in the perineum; mobilization of the urethra up to the penile-scrotal junction followed by dissection and separation of the septum of the corpus cavernosum; separation of the inferior pubic symphysis, excising a portion of the inferior pubic symphysis bone tissue and thoroughly clearing the scar tissue surrounding the proximal urethra; and suturing and suspension of the proximal urethra and surrounding tissues at the 2, 5, 7, and 10 o'clock positions, ensuring complete exposure of the proximal urethral mucosa and tension-free anastomosis between the proximal and distal urethra.
Schemas, reinforcement learning and the medial prefrontal cortex.
Nat Rev Neurosci
January 2025
Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Schemas are rich and complex knowledge structures about the typical unfolding of events in a context; for example, a schema of a dinner at a restaurant. In this Perspective, we suggest that reinforcement learning (RL), a computational theory of learning the structure of the world and relevant goal-oriented behaviour, underlies schema learning. We synthesize literature about schemas and RL to offer that three RL principles might govern the learning of schemas: learning via prediction errors, constructing hierarchical knowledge using hierarchical RL, and dimensionality reduction through learning a simplified and abstract representation of the world.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of Route Complexity and Lighting on Route Following in Alzheimer's Disease and Posterior Cortical Atrophy.
Brain Sci
November 2024
Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
Objective: Visual processing deficits arising in dementia are associated with particular functional disability. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the built environment on mobility and navigation in people with dementia-related visual loss.
Methods: Participants with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA; "visual-variant Alzheimer's"; n = 11), typical Alzheimer's disease (tAD; N = 10), and controls (n = 13) repeatedly walked down routes within a simplified real-world setting.
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