A case of lenalidomide-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Background: Lenalidomide is a new immunomodulatory drug, FDA-approved for the treatment of the 5q-myelodysplastic syndrome and refractory or relapsed multiple myeloma (MM). Regarding the treatment of MM, there have been published cases of acute pulmonary toxicity for the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib and the immunomodulatory drug thalidomide; only 1 case of lenalidomide-induced pulmonary toxicity has been described in the literature.

Case Report: In our manuscript, we describe the clinical course and diagnostic workup of a 66-year-old male patient with MM on lenalidomide with signs of acute pulmonary toxicity. The diagnostic workup resulted in the diagnosis of drug-induced interstitial hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Conclusions: Given the frequently reported pulmonary infectious complications in patients treated with lenalidomide and a possibly underreported rate of interstitial pneumonitis, we advocate a more aggressive pulmonary workup for patients with pulmonary symptoms.