Niemann-Pick type C cells show cholesterol dependent decrease of APP expression at the cell surface and its increased processing through the beta-secretase pathway.

The link between cholesterol and Alzheimer's disease has recently been revealed in Niemann-Pick type C disease. We found that NPC1(-/-) cells show decreased expression of APP at the cell surface and increased processing of APP through the beta-secretase pathway resulting in increased C99, sAPPbeta and intracellular Abeta40 levels. This effect is dependent on increased cholesterol levels, since cholesterol depletion reversed cell surface APP expression and lowered Abeta/C99 levels in NPC1(-)(/)(-) cells to the levels observed in wt cells. Finding that overexpression of C99, a direct gamma-secretase substrate, does not lead to increased intracellular Abeta levels in NPC1(-)(/)(-) cells vs. CHOwt suggests that the effect on intracellular Abeta upon cholesterol accumulation in NPC1(-)(/)(-) cells is not due to increased APP cleavage by gamma-secretase. Our results indicate that cholesterol may modulate APP processing indirectly by modulating APP expression at the cell surface and thus its cleavage by beta-secretase.